Optimizing callus induction and analyzing in vitro phytochemicals in San Pedro cactus (Echinopsis pachanoi)
2024
Habibeh Behnam | Azim Ghasemnezhad | Mahdi Alizadeh | Alireza Sadeghi Mahonak
Purpose: The objective of the present study was to examine the impact of explant type and varying concentrations of 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and 6-Benzyladenine growth regulators on the San Pedro cactus callus morphological and biochemical characteristics. Research method: Four types of explants were used i.e. explants with areola, without areola, with truncated areola, and with central tissue. Additionally, five combinations of BA and 2,4-D, were tested (0 mg/L BA + 2 mg/L 2,4-D, 2 mg/L BA + 2 mg/L 2,4-D, 3 mg/L BA + 3 mg/L 2,4-D, 4 mg/L BA + 4 mg/L 2,4-D, 0 mg/L BA + 0 mg/L 2,4-D). Findings: The results indicated that callus formation induced in all treatments 6 days after inoculation. There were significant differences in growth parameters, including fresh weight, volume, moisture, tissue firmness, total phenols, total flavonoids and antioxidant activity of the callus (P < 0.01) and dry weight of callus (P < 0.05). Explants holding a segment of central tissue, yielded the least favorable results in most of experimental treatments, and the application of 2,4-D in the absence of BA had an inhibitory and toxic effect on the San Pedro cactus explants. Research limitations: No limitations were found. Originality/Value: Specifically, use of 2 mg/L BA + 2 mg/L 2,4-D and explants with areola resulted in callus with higher fresh weight, volume and total flavonoids, as well as good tissue integrity and firmness. The reported results are a valuable resource for future research related to cell tissue culture and the elicitation of secondary metabolites in Echinopsis spp.
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