Temporal Dynamics of CD8+ T Cell Effector Responses during Primary HIV Infection.
2016
Korey R Demers | George Makedonas | Marcus Buggert | Michael A Eller | Sarah J Ratcliffe | Nilu Goonetilleke | Chris K Li | Leigh Anne Eller | Kathleen Rono | Lucas Maganga | Sorachai Nitayaphan | Hannah Kibuuka | Jean-Pierre Routy | Mark K Slifka | Barton F Haynes | Andrew J McMichael | Nicole F Bernard | Merlin L Robb | Michael R Betts
The loss of HIV-specific CD8+ T cell cytolytic function is a primary factor underlying progressive HIV infection, but whether HIV-specific CD8+ T cells initially possess cytolytic effector capacity, and when and why this may be lost during infection, is unclear. Here, we assessed CD8+ T cell functional evolution from primary to chronic HIV infection. We observed a profound expansion of perforin+ CD8+ T cells immediately following HIV infection that quickly waned after acute viremia resolution. Selective expression of the effector-associated transcription factors T-bet and eomesodermin in cytokine-producing HIV-specific CD8+ T cells differentiated HIV-specific from bulk memory CD8+ T cell effector expansion. As infection progressed expression of perforin was maintained in HIV-specific CD8+ T cells with high levels of T-bet, but not necessarily in the population of T-betLo HIV-specific CD8+ T cells that expand as infection progresses. Together, these data demonstrate that while HIV-specific CD8+ T cells in acute HIV infection initially possess cytolytic potential, progressive transcriptional dysregulation leads to the reduced CD8+ T cell perforin expression characteristic of chronic HIV infection.
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