Tolerância inicial de plantas de pinhão-manso a herbicidas aplicados em pré e pós-emergência Initial tolerance of physic nut plants to pre and post-emergence herbicide application

O presente trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar a tolerância inicial de plantas de pinhão-manso a herbicidas pré e pós-emergentes, aplicados isolados e em misturas. Foram realizados dois experimentos em condições de campo, sendo um com herbicidas pré-emergentes e outro com herbicidas pós-emergentes. Os tratamentos com os herbicidas pré-emergentes utilizados foram: atrazine (3.000 g ha-1), diuron (2.000 g ha-1), oxyfluorfen (720 g ha-1), trifluralin (890 g ha-1), pendimethalin (1.250 g ha-1), isoxaflutole (93,8 g ha-1), S-metolachlor (1.920 g ha-1), atrazine+S-metolachlor (1.500+960 g ha-1), isoxaflutole+diuron (46,9+1.000 g ha-1), trifluralin+diuron (450+1.000 g ha-1), além de uma testemunha sem aplicação. Os tratamentos com os herbicidas pós-emergentes foram: haloxyfop-methyl (60 g ha-1), nicosulfuron (60 g ha-1), sethoxydim (368 g ha-1), fluazifop-p-butyl (125 g ha-1), fluazifop-p-butyl (250 g ha-1), fomesafen (125 g ha-1), fomesafen (250 g ha-1), fluazifop-p-butyl+fomesafen (250+250 g ha-1), fluazifop-p-butyl+fomesafen (200+250 g ha ¹), clethodim + fenoxaprop-p-ethyl (50+50 g ha-1), além de uma testemunha sem aplicação e outra capinada. Os tratamentos foram dispostos em delineamento experimental de blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições. No experimento com herbicidas pré-emergentes verificou-se que plantas de pinhão-manso foram tolerantes ao diuron, trifluralin, pendimethalin, isoxaflutole, S-metolachlor e às misturas isoxaflutole+diuron e trifluralin+diuron. Com relação ao experimento com herbicidas pós-emergentes, destacaram-se o haloxyfop-methyl, sethoxydim, fluazifop-p-butyl (125 g ha-1) e a mistura clethodim+fenoxaprop-p-ethyl.<br>This study aimed to evaluate the initial tolerance of physic nut plants to pre and post-emergence herbicides, applied alone and in mixtures. Thus, two experiments were conducted under field conditions, one with pre-emergence herbicides and the other with post-emergence herbicides. The treatments using the pre-emergence herbicides were: atrazine (3,000 g ha-1), diuron (2,000 g ha-1), oxyfluorfen (720 g ha-1), trifluralin (890 g ha-1), pendimethalin (1,250 g ha-1), isoxaflutole (93,8 g ha-1), S-metolachlor (1,920 g ha-1), atrazine+S-metolachlor (1,500+960 g ha-1), isoxaflutole+diuron (46,9+1,000 g ha-1), trifluralin+diuron (450+1,000 g ha-1) and a control without herbicide. Treatments using the post-emergence herbicides were: haloxyfop-methyl (60 g ha-1), nicosulfuron (60 g ha-1), sethoxydim (368 g ha-1), fluazifop-p-butyl (125 g ha-1), fluazifop-p-butyl (250 g ha-1), fomesafen (125 g ha-1), fomesafen (250 g ha-1), fluazifop-p-butyl+fomesafen (250+250 g ha-1), fluazifop-p-butyl+fomesafen (200+250 g ha-1), clethodim + fenoxaprop-p-ethyl (50+50 g ha-1), a control without herbicide and a hand weeded. Treatments were arranged in a randomized block design with four repetitions. It was verified that in the experiment with pre-emergence herbicides,the physic nut plants were tolerant to diuron trifluralin, pendimethalin, isoxaflutole, S-metolachlor and to the mixtures isoxaflutole+diuron and trifluralin+diuron. Regarding the experiment with post-emergence herbicides,the following showed a potential use selectivity: haloxyfop-methyl, sethoxydim, fluazifop-p-butyl (125 g ha-1 ) and the mixture clethodim + fenoxaprop-p-ethyl.