THE MODERN ASPECTS OF THE RAMPANT CARIES AND THE INFLUENCE OF GASTROINTESTINAL TRAC DISEASES ON THE ORGANISMS OF THE ORAL CAVITY IN CHILDREN (REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE)

An important role in pathogenesis of tooth decay is played by the state of digestion system. The chronic diseases of gastrointestinal tract (stomach, liver, duodenum, pancreas) are accompanied by the deficiency of vitamins, mineral substances, proteins and carbohydrates in organism that results in development of inflammatory and dystrophic changes in oral cavity tissues. The chronic diseases of the gastrointestinal tract and frequent exasperation may lead to decreased metabolism and immunologic reactivity that assists to development of tooth decay. The substantial risk factors of development of plural caries in children with gastrointestinal diseases are toxicosis of pregnancy, extragenital mother diseases, children diseases of junior age, inferior feed, irregular oral hygiene. Today significant achievements have been made in the study of the etiology and pathogenesis of caries of the teeth. The commonly recognized mechanism of caries is the progressive demineralization of solid tissues of the tooth under the influence of organic acids, the formation of which is associated with the activity of certain microorganisms. The course of rampant caries in children on the background of general-somatic diseases is characterized by rapid, malignant course and most often leads to complications, in particular, to the emergence of secondary and relapsing caries. Such patients are more likely to experience loss of and violation of the boundary adherence of filling, which dictates the need for measures aimed at improving the treatment and prevention of caries, especially its decompensated form. In patients with decompensated form of caries, changes in the parameters of local humoral immunity are revealed. As a rule, the saliva of such patients is viscous, the rate of secretion is low. The increased content of ionized and total calcium, phosphates, mineral salting potential of saliva decreases, and the total concentration and amount of active ions of sodium and potassium is increased. At multiple caries, increased activity of amylase and phosphatase in the oral fluid.