Study of the Effectiveness Ofessential Oils (Anise, Clove)Solution in Controlling Varroa Mites (varroa destructor) on Honey Bees apis mellifera

This study was conducted at the AL- Musayyib Technical College / Department of Biological-Control Techniques for the period from 1/10 /2021 to 1/4 /2022. The study aimed the effectiveness of essential oils (anise, clove)solution in controlling Varroa mites (Varroa destructor) on honey bees Apis mellifera. The results  indicatd that there are significant differences between all treatments of the essential oil solution (cloves, anise) and the treatment of its Varroa mites in comparison with the control treatment and the natural shedding of Varroa mites after (24, 48) hours of treatment, except for the treatment of cloves and anise at concentration (10). mg/ml, where there were no significant differences between them in the average mortality of Varroa mites. The results also showed in table (1) that there were no significant differences between the treatments of the solution (cloves, anise) in all concentrations in the time periods after (72, 96, 144) hours of treatment.It also showed that there were no significant differences between the treatments of cloves and anise at a concentration of (10) mg/ml after (48) hours of treatment. The results showed  that there are significant differences between the treatments of cloves and anise at the concentration (40) mg/ml and the control treatment in the average mortality of field honey bee workers.The treatment of the essential oil solution of cloves with a concentration of (10) mg/ml achieved the lowest average death rate for the workers, which amounted to (2.42) after (15) hours of treatment, while the treatment of the essential oil solution of cloves at a concentration of (40) mg/ml gave the highest average death. It reached (6.58) after (15) hours of treatment, but it differs significantly with all transactions in Table (2) after 15 hours of treatment. The results revealed showed that there were no significant differences between the two treatments (cloves and anise) in the concentrations (10, 20) mg/ml after (15) hours of treatment in the average mortality of worker bees. Through the results of the statistical analysis in Table (2), it was found that there were no significant differences between all treatments (cloves, aniseed) and the control treatment in the average death of workers in the time period after (40,64) hours of treatment. The results show that a solution of essential oils with concentration (40)mg/ml has a small effect on the worker bees compared to the great effect on Varroa.