Chromosome-scale genome assembly of Codonopsis pilosula and comparative genomic analyses shed light on its genome evolution
2024
Chen, Bao Zheng | Yang, Zi Jiang | Yang, Ling | Zhu, Yi Fan | Li, Xu Zhen | Wang, Lei | Zhou, Ye Peng | Zhang, Guang Hui | Li, Da Wei | Dong, Yang | Duan, Sheng Chang
Introduction: Codonopsis pilosula is a significant plant in traditional Chinese medicine, valued for its edible and medicinal properties. However, the lack of available genomic resources has hindered further research. Methods: This study presents the first chromosome-scale genome assembly of C. pilosula using PacBio CLR reads and Hi-C scaffolding technology. Additionally, Ks analysis and syntenic depth analysis were performed to elucidate its evolutionary history. Results: The final assembly yielded a high-quality genome of 679.20 Mb, which was anchored to 8 pseudo-chromosomes with an anchoring rate of 96.5% and a scaffold N50 of 80.50 Mb. The genome assembly showed a high completeness of 97.6% based on Benchmarking with Universal Single-Copy Orthologs (BUSCO) analysis. Repetitive elements constituted approximately 76.8% of the genome, with long terminal repeat retrotransposons (LTRs) accounting for about 39.17%. Ks and syntenic depth analyses revealed that the polyploidization history of three platycodonoid clade species involved only the γ-WGT event. Karyotype evolutionary analysis identified an ancestral karyotype with 9 protochromosomes for the three platycodonoid clade species. Moreover, non-WGD genes, particularly those arising from tandem duplications, were found to contribute significantly to gene family expansion. Discussion: These findings provide essential insights into the genetic diversity and evolutionary biology of C. pilosula, aiding its conservation and sustainable use.
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