Tools for evaluating forest habitat using carrion silphid (Silphidae) and scarabaeoid dung beetles (coprophagous group of Scarabaeoidea) as indicators: Effects of bait type, trap type, and trap number on beetle captures
2015
Ueda, A. (Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute (FFPRI), Kumamoto, Kumamoto (Japan). Kyushu Research Center)
Carrion silphid and scarabaeoid dung beetles abundance and diversity are influenced sharply by forest quality and degradation. To contribute to develop a standardized, quantitative method for evaluating forest habitat using beetles as indicators, we examined different kinds of baits, different types of traps, and sampling adequacy for trap numbers. Results of trap captures with krill bait versus fish meat bait suggested that fish meat attracted a greater number of species than krill. In comparing different vertebrate meats (i.e., fish, pork, beef, chicken, and dried fish) as bait, it was found that fish attracted the largest number of beetles without any particular bias towards silphid or scarabaeoid species. Comparisons of embedded traps on the ground surface versus suspended traps at 1.5 m high indicated that the embedded traps were preferable as they captured a larger number of species and individuals compared with the suspended traps. Results from traps set up along transects through an evergreen broadleaved forest, a conifer plantation, and a grassland showed that the structures of the beetle assemblages of all traps set in a site were resemble each other without outlier, and the estimated number of species cumulated along with the number of traps was almost saturated at one trap for the predominant species that are captured more than one individual per trap. These suggested that one or two traps per one site is sufficient to understand both the general structure of the beetle assemblage and the predominant species that are captured more than one individual per trap, and the obtained structure of the beetle assemblage was enable to compare with those of other sites.
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