Breeding of the rice cultivar 'Leaf Star' with high stem and leaf yield for whole crop silage
2010
Kato, H. | Nemoto, H. | Sakai, M. | Ando, I. | Ookawa, T. | Hirabayashi, H. | Ideta, O. | Takeuchi, Y. | Hirayama, M. | Ohta, H. | Sato, H. | Imbe, T. | Nakagawa, N. | Horisue, N. | Takadate, M. | Tamura, K. | Aoki, N. | Ishihara, K. | Ishii, T. | Iida, S. | Maeda, H.
Over-production of rice has been a problem for the past 40 years in Japan. On the other hand, there is also a need for an increase in the production of domestic bulk feed. Whole crop silage (WCS) rice for cattle is being promoted by the Japanese government. The whole aerial part consisting of grains, leaves, and stems are harvested at the yellow ripening stage. Cultivars that have high leaf and stem yield rather than grain yield are keenly awaited. 'Leaf Star' was bred as a WCS rice cultivar. Its maturity was 'very late' and culm length was 'very long'. Its leaves and hulls were glabrous, and it had a thick, stiff culm. The resistance to lodging was 'strong' in transplanted cultivation but 'slightly strong' in direct seeded cultivation. Its resistance gene to leaf blast was estimated to be Pia. Rice blast partial resistance was 'moderate'. The resistance to bacterial leaf blight was 'moderate', and the reaction to rice stripe was 'susceptible'. The resistance to vivipary was 'moderate', and its resistance level to sheath blight was 'high'. 'Leaf Star' had a smaller number of panicles per hill and less grain yield than 'Hamasari'. However, its stem and leaf yield was high and the whole crop yield and total digestible nutrients (TDN) of the aerial parts were higher than 'Hamasari'. Its high nonstructural carbohydrate content in the stem and leaf sheath may be the reason for its high TDN content, despite of its lower grain yield. At the same time, the smaller amount of non-digested excreted grains of 'Leaf Star' has practical advantages.
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