SUBSTRATO EXAURIDO DE COGUMELOS PARA PRODUÇÃO DE MUDAS FLORESTAIS

البرتغالية. SUBSTRATO EXAURIDO DE COGUMELOS PARA PRODUÇÃO DE MUDAS FLORESTAIS*   OLÍVIA GOMES MARTINS1, MAGALI RIBEIRO DA SILVA2, MEIRE CRISTINA ANDRADE CASSIMIRO DA SILVA3   * Artigo extraído da tese do primeiro autor 1 Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas, Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”, Av. Universitária, 3780 - Altos do Paraíso, 18610-034, Botucatu, SP, Brasil. E-mail: [email protected] 2 Ciência Florestal, Solos e Ambiente, Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas, Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”, Av. Universitária, 3780 - Altos do Paraíso, 18610-034, Botucatu, SP, Brasil. E-mail: [email protected] 3 Faculdade Gran Tietê, Av. 15 de Novembro, 125 - Centro, 17340-000, Barra Bonita, SP, Brasil. E-mail: [email protected]   RESUMO: O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito do substrato exaurido de Lentinula edodes para a produção de mudas de Eucalyptus grandis. Foi utilizado um delineamento experimental 4x1, sendo 4 substratos (T1 (testemunha, 100% Carolina Soil II), T2 (25% substrato exaurido + 75% casca de arroz carbonizada), T3 (50% substrato exaurido + 50% casca de arroz carbonizada) e T4 (75% substrato exaurido + 25% casca de arroz carbonizada)), e uma espécie florestal (E. grandis). Avaliou-se o percentual de emergência, altura da parte aérea, diâmetro, número de folhas, massas secas aérea, radicular e total, índice de qualidade de Dickson, conformação do sistema radicular, lixiviado e acumulo nutricional. Foi feita análise de variância e teste de Tukey (5%). O tratamento T4 foi o que mais se aproximou das características físicas do tratamento testemunha, sendo que os demais apresentaram baixa quantidade de microporos. Observa-se maiores teores de nutrientes nos tratamentos contendo substrato exaurido. O substrato exaurido afetou negativamente o percentual de emergência, mas não afetou o número de folhas. Quanto à altura, diâmetro do colo e índice de qualidade de Dickson, o T1 obteve valores estatisticamente superiores aos demais tratamentos, porém todos alcançaram parâmetros considerados aptos para o plantio. O acúmulo de nutrientes apresentou comportamentos distintos na parte aérea e no sistema radicular. A análise do lixiviado evidenciou menor perda de água e nutrientes no tratamento testemunha, que possuía maior capacidade de retenção. Os substratos contendo substrato exaurido produziram mudas viáveis, porém novos estudos são necessários utilizando diferentes manejos hídricos e adubações.   Palavras-chave: eucalipto, Lentinula edodes, viveiro.   SPENT MUSHROOM SUBSTRATE FOR THE PRODUCTION OF FORESTRY SEEDLINGS   ABSTRACT: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of Lentinula edodes spent mushroom substrate for the production of Eucalyptus grandis seedlings. A 4x1 experimental design was used, with 4 substrates (T1 (control, 100% Carolina Soil II), T2 (25% spent substrate + 75% charred rice husk), T3 (50% spent substrate + 50% charred rice husk) and T4 (75% spent substrate + 25% charred rice husk)), and one forest species (E. grandis). Physical and chemical characterization were performed, the percentage of emergence, plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves, aerial, root and total dry mass, Dickson quality index, root system conformation, leachate and nutritional accumulation were evaluated. Analysis of variance and Tukey's test (5%) were performed. T4 treatment was the closest to the physical characteristics of the control treatment, and the others showed a low amount of micropores. Higher nutrient contents were observed on the treatments containing spent substrate. Spent substrate negatively affected the emergency percentage, but did not affect the number of leaves. As for height, stem diameter and Dickson quality index, T1 obtained statistically higher values than the other treatments, but all treatments reached parameters considered suitable for planting. The accumulation of nutrients showed different behaviors in the aerial part and in the root system. The leachate analysis showed less loss of water and nutrients in the control treatment, which had a greater retention capacity. The treatments containing spent substrate produced viable seedlings, but further studies are needed using different water management and fertilization.   Keywords: eucalyptus, Lentinula edodes, nursery.

إنجليزي. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of Lentinula edodes spent mushroom substrate for the production of Eucalyptus grandis seedlings. A 4x1 experimental design was used, with 4 substrates (T1 (control, 100% Carolina Soil II), T2 (25% spent substrate + 75% charred rice husk), T3 (50% spent substrate + 50% charred rice husk) and T4 (75% spent substrate + 25% charred rice husk)), and one forest species (E. grandis). Physical and chemical characterization were performed, the percentage of emergence, plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves, aerial, root and total dry mass, Dickson quality index, root system conformation, leachate and nutritional accumulation were evaluated. Analysis of variance and Tukey's test (5%) were performed. T4 treatment was the closest to the physical characteristics of the control treatment, and the others showed a low amount of micropores. Higher nutrient contents were observed on the treatments containing spent substrate. Spent substrate negatively affected the emergency percentage, but did not affect the number of leaves. As for height, stem diameter and Dickson quality index, T1 obtained statistically higher values than the other treatments, but all treatments reached parameters considered suitable for planting. The accumulation of nutrients showed different behaviors in the aerial part and in the root system. The leachate analysis showed less loss of water and nutrients in the control treatment, which had a greater retention capacity. The treatments containing spent substrate produced viable seedlings, but further studies are needed using different water management and fertilization.