Accumulation characteristics of carbon and nitrogen in growth stages of sunflower and uses of crop residue
2018
Tojo, S. (Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology (Japan). Institute of Agriculture) | Chosa, T. | Sunaga, K.
Sunflowers are grown as oilseed crops in every region of Japan, though the residues left after harvesting are seldom utilized. Recently, sunflowers have received a lot of attention for their use as landscape crops for tourist attractions and/or catch crops to perform the uptake of excess plant nutrients in the soil. This research aims to clarify the accumulation characteristics of carbon and nitrogen in sunflowers at each growth stage, and the reuse of crop residues after harvesting is discussed. Sunflowers were cultivated in 3*3 m plots with varying planting densities and the fertilizer conditions at the university farm. Growth changes in the sunflowers were observed and samples were obtained at three growth stages, namely, flowering, just after flowering, and harvesting. Dry matter, calorific value, and carbon and nitrogen content were measured and analyzed for each sunflower region. As a result, the following was revealed: the calorific value of stems and leaves was nearly equal that of seeds, sunflower biomass increased in regions with a higher planting density, and one third of the total nitrogen uptake was accumulated in seeds during grain filling.
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