Modeling and simulation of genetic improvement criteria to strengthen the environmental sustainability of cattle livestock | Modelación y simulación de criterios de mejoramiento genético para el fortalecimiento de la sostenibilidad ambiental de la actividad ganadera

Gráficas

spa:Las metodologías de evaluación y selección de individuos para aumentar la productividad en animales son ampliamente conocidas y aplicadas en muchas partes del mundo. Si entendemos el mejoramiento genético animal como una herramienta para lograr la adaptación de las poblaciones al ambiente disponible, debemos reconocer que los nuevos ambientes tienen restricciones a las que nos debemos adaptar. En Colombia se han hecho algunos avances en la aplicación de esas metodologías, pero como en el resto del mundo, se ha dejado fuera de la ecuación la sostenibilidad de los sistemas productivos vacunos, poniendo en riesgo la capacidad de producir alimentos en el futuro. Ante la pregunta: ¿cómo puede el mejoramiento genético aportar al fortalecimiento de la sostenibilidad de los sistemas productivos vacunos? se ha optado por las metodologías del análisis de sistemas como una forma integral de identificar variables, indicadores y metas que puedan ser evaluadas y posteriormente incluidas en las ponderaciones tradicionales de los programas de mejoramiento y evaluación genética, para la construcción de índices de selección. La dinámica de los modelos mostró que variables relacionadas con costos de producción, calidad del producto, bienestar animal e impacto ambiental son importantes en la definición de objetivos hacia la sostenibilidad. Como punto de partida, se realizó la compilación sistemática de indicadores de sostenibilidad de los sistemas productivos vacunos potencialmente mejorables genéticamente, y fueron ser modelados y simulados posteriormente. La metodología de dinámica de sistemas permitió proponer diferentes escenarios y políticas construidas a partir de los tres enfoques de sostenibilidad en la producción vacuna preponderantes en nuestro país para evaluar la sensibilidad de algunos indicadores de sostenibilidad a cambios en el progreso genético de una población para las variables seleccionadas.

eng:The methodologies of evaluation and selection of individuals to increase the productivity in animals are widely known and applied in many parts of the world. If we understand animal genetic improvement as a tool to achieve the adaptation of populations to the available environment, we must recognize that new environments have restrictions to which we must adapt. In Colombia, some progress has been made in the enforcement of these methodologies, but as in the rest of the world, the sustainability of cattle production systems has been left out of the equation, putting at risk the capacity to produce food in the future. When asked: how can genetic improvement contribute to strengthening the sustainability of cattle production systems? Systems analysis methodologies have been chosen as a comprehensive way of identifying variables, indicators and goals that can be evaluated and later included in the traditional weightings of breeding programs and genetic evaluation, for the construction of selection indices. The dynamics of the models showed that variables related to production costs, product quality, animal welfare and environmental impact are important in defining objectives towards sustainability. As a starting point, the systematic compilation of sustainability indicators of potentially genetically improved cattle production systems was carried out, and they were subsequently modeled and simulated. The systems dynamics methodology allowed proposing different scenarios and policies built from the three predominant sustainability approaches in vaccine production in our country to evaluate the sensitivity of some sustainability indicators to changes in the genetic progress of a population for the variables selected.

ACKNOWLEDGMENT /LIST OF FIGURES/ LIST OF TABLES/ Abstract / Chapter / I. Introduction/ Background/ Objectives / II. Literature review / Genetic improvement/ Genetic improvement in Colombian cattle livestock / Sustainability/ Bovine genetic improvement aimed at sustainability/ Indicators to assess sustainability/ Systematic review / Systemic approach/ Dynamic of systems/ Modeling with system dynamics/ Validation of the models/ III. Systematic compilation of indicators of sustainability of the cattle activity, and determination of the indicators with potential of genetic improvement / Abstract/ Introduction / Materials and methods/ Research question / Study inclusion and exclusion criteria / Literature search plan / Quality assessment of selected studies / Results / 4 Environmental indicators/ Economic indicators/ Social indicators/ Discussion/ IV. Modeling of a breeding livestock system, and simulation of the effect of trampling cattle on soil porosity and its productive capacity / Abstract/ Introduction / Materials and methods/ Main components of the model / Dynamic hypothesis, mental model/ Flow and level diagrams / Dry matter production and consumption / Compaction and animal dynamic / Determination of the loss of porosity for each cattle step, at different pressure levels/ Genetic progress/ Indicators / Model evaluation/ Structure valuation test / Dimensional consistency test/ Extreme conditions test/ Sensitivity analysis test (Monte Carlo test)/ Simulation policies / Actual state / Genetic progress/ Results and discussion / Actual state / Genetic progress of the hoof area/ Sustainability indicators/ Conclusions / V. Simulation of the effect of genetic progress on enteric methane emissions in a rearing system using the system dynamics methodology based on the IPCC tier 2 methodology/ 5 Abstract/ Introduction / Materials and methods/ Construction and parameterization of the CH4 enteric emissions estimation model / Determination of emission factors by subcategory/ Sustainability indicator / Model evaluation/ Extreme conditions test/ Sensitivity analysis test (monte carlo test) / Simulation policie / Base line / Genetic progress/ Conclusions / Annexes / Bibliography.

Doctorado

Doctor(a) en Ciencias Agrarias

Mejora animal

Dinámica de sistemas