Molecular detection and analysis of noroviruses and sapoviruses in sewage samples from 2014/15 to 2018/19 seasons
2020
Hata, M. | Ito, M. | Nakamura, N. | Yasui, Y. | Mastumoto, M.
From September 2014 to August 2019, we conducted environmental surveillance of Norovirus GI (NoV GI), Norovirus GII (NoV GII) and Sapovirus (SaV) on 259 samples of raw sewage waters collected every week at the inflow of a sewage treatment plant in Aichi Prefecture, Japan. Of the 259 sewage samples, 103 (39.8%) were found to be positive for NoV GI with RT-PCR, 185 (71.4%) were positive for NoV GII and 27 (10.4%) were positive for SaV. Eight genotypes of NoV GI were detected, of which GI.2 and GI.3 accounted for the majority (72.5%). NoV GI was frequently detected in the 2014/15 to 2015/16 season, while few was detected in subsequent seasons. As for NoV GII, 7 genotypes were detected. Although the detection rate of GII.4 was high throughout the survey period, GII.3 and GII.17 were dominant in the 2014/15 to 2015/16 seasons, and GII.2 was dominant after the 2016/17 season. As for SaV, 3 genotypes were detected. The phylogenetic analysis showed that the virus strains detected in sewage were similar to the strains detected in patients with food poisoning cases in terms of detection time and gene sequence. It suggested that the viruses in sewage reflect the epidemic strains circulating in the community.
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