A case study of the conditions for crawling out by Tokyo daruma pond frogs hibernating in the cultivated fields
2018
Nakashima, N. (Tokyo Univ. of Agri. and Tech., Fuchu-shi, Tokyo (Japan). United Graduate School of Agri.) | Noda, K. | Moriyama, T. | Mori, A. | Watabe, K. | Tamura, T.
To study the Tokyo Daruma pond frog's habitat conservation, investigation was conducted in early spring to identify the configuration of the holes made by the frogs crawling out from under the ground, determine the period of the frogs' crawling out, and evaluate the relationship between soil temperature and precipitation with such crawling out events in chive-growing and bare fields. The crawling out of the frogs in the site occurred from middle April to late May, and showed bimodal peaks. When the mean daily number of crawling holes was used to represent the number of individuals crawling out, and the daily maximum and minimum soil temperature and the maximum rainfall during a period of continuous rainfall were used as meteorological indicators for the periods of investigation, it was found that crawling out started when the daily maximum soil temperature was between 12 and 15 ℃. The mean daily number of individual frogs crawling out was positively correlated with the maximum rainfall during the period of continuous rainfall in both the fields. Therefore, it is suggested that this species of frog tends to end its hibernation and crawls out from under the ground when precipitation occurs and the daily minimum soil temperature is above a certain range.
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