COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE MORPHOPHYSIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF WHEAT AND MAIZE GENOTYPES EXPOSED TO SALT STRESS

Absract. The effect of sodium chloride on the physiological and biochemical parameters of wheat and maize genotypes, the identification of salinity-resistant varieties was studied. The objects ofthe study were parental and hybrid wheat forms grown under normal and salinity (0,98 % NaCl) conditions. To create new salt-tolerant varieties of wheat and maize, a comparative analysis ofthe physiological parameters of the parental and hybrid plants was carried out. Physiologicalparameters such as chlorophyll content, relative water content, and PSII activity have been studiedin parental forms and hybrids. When studying salt-tolerance of hybrids and parental forms,differences were detected in the relative amounts of chlorophyll (a+b), carotenoids, RWC, as wellas the photochemical activity of chloroplasts. The effect of salt on the amount of chlorophyll a,chlorophyll b, and carotenoids, which are the main physiological indicators, is manifested indifferent ways in both hybrids and parental forms. Negative effects of salt stress were observed in the content of photosynthetic pigments, photochemical activity of PS II and RWC in parental and hybrid forms. The content of chl a, chl b, the activity of PSII, RWC and grain yield were higher in theparental forms, Garabagh, Gobustan, Barakatli-95, and in the hybrids, ♀Garabagh×♂Gobustan,♀Barakatli-95×♂Gobustan, ♀Gobustan×♂Gyrmyzygul-1 and ♀Garabagh×♂Mirbashir-128. Due tothese advantages, using these varieties for future research The object of research was also thegenotypes of maize Zagatala-420, Zagatala-514, Zagatala-68, Gurur and first generation F1 hybrid Zagatal-68×Gurur. Plant seeds germinated under laboratory conditions in Petri dishes and pots withsoil using 150 mmol of sodium chloride solution.At concentrations of NaCl solutions of 150 and 200 mmol decreased seed germination, pigmentscontent, and photosystem II activity in seedlings of maize genotypes. Varieties Gurur and Zagatala-68and hybrid Gurur×Zagatala-68 were resistant to 200 mmol salt concentration.