Diversity of <i>Colletotrichum</i> Species Causing Anthracnose in Chayote in Brazil, with a Description of Two New Species in the <i>C. magnum</i> Complex
2024
Willie Anderson dos Santos Vieira | Christiane Almeida da Costa | Josiene Silva Veloso | Waléria Guerreiro Lima | Kamila Câmara Correia | Sami Jorge Michereff | Danilo Batista Pinho | Marcos Paz Saraiva Câmara | Ailton Reis
Anthracnose caused by <i>Colletotrichum</i> species is the most important disease of chayote (<i>Sicyos edulis</i>) in Brazil. The etiology of chayote anthracnose has been assigned to the species <i>C. orbiculare</i>, an important plant pathogenic fungus also reported as the causal agent of anthracnose in other cucurbits worldwide. However, there is no recent survey of the <i>Colletotrichum</i> species causing anthracnose in chayote in Brazil. In this study, <i>Colletotrichum</i> isolates associated with anthracnose on the fruit and leaves of chayote, from various producing regions in Brazil, were collected and identified. Haplotype analysis based on sequences of the β-tubulin genomic region (<i>TUB2</i>) of 44 <i>Colletotrichum</i> isolates was carried out as a first measure of genetic diversity. A subset of 22 isolates were sequenced using the partial sequences of actin (<i>ACT</i>), glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (<i>GAPDH</i>), and the rDNA ITS (ITS) region. Maximum likelihood analysis was performed using the concatenated sequences. The multilocus sequence analysis revealed four previously described species, <i>Colletotrichum chrysophilum</i>, <i>C. menezesiae</i>, <i>C. plurivorum</i>, and <i>C. karsti,</i> and two novel species, named <i>C. cucurbitacearum</i> and <i>C. sicyi</i>. All species were able to induce typical symptoms of anthracnose in chayote fruits but varied in their aggressiveness. The species <i>C. menezesiae</i> and <i>C. sicyi</i> were the most aggressive, while <i>C. plurivorum</i> was the least aggressive. The species <i>C. orbiculare</i> was not found to cause chayote anthracnose in Brazil.
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