Telomere and subtelomere high polymorphism might contribute to the specificity of homologous recognition and pairing during meiosis in barley in the context of breeding

Barley (Hordeum vulgare) is one of the most popular cereal crops globally. Although it is a diploid species, (2n = 2x = 14) the study of its genome organization is necessary in the framework of plant breeding since barley is often used in crosses with other cereals like wheat to provide them with advantageous characters. We already have an extensive knowledge on different stages of the meiosis, the cell division to generate the gametes in species with sexual reproduction, such as the formation of the synaptonemal complex, recombination, and chromosome segregation. But meiosis really starts with the identification of homologous chromosomes and pairing initiation, and it is still unclear how chromosomes exactly choose a partner to appropriately pair for additional recombination and segregation. In this work we present an exhaustive molecular analysis of both telomeres and subtelomeres of barley chromosome arms 2H-L, 3H-L and 5H-L. As expected, the analysis of multiple features, including transposable elements, repeats, GC content, predicted CpG islands, recombination hotspots, G4 quadruplexes, genes and targeted sequence motifs for key DNA-binding proteins, revealed a high degree of variability both in telomeres and subtelomeres. The molecular basis for the specificity of homologous recognition and pairing occurring in the early chromosomal interactions at the start of meiosis in barley may be provided by these polymorphisms. A more relevant role of telomeres and most distal part of subtelomeres is suggested.

Open Access funding provided thanks to the CRUE-CSIC agreement with Springer Nature. This work has been supported by P20_00971 grant and the Qualifica Project QUAL21_023 IAS both from Consejería de Transformación Económica, Industria, Conocimiento y Universidades/Cofinanciación FEDER 80%—Programa Operativo FEDER de Andalucía 2014-2020. I.M.S.L. is also grateful for her contract (Nº expediente administrativo subvención: POEJ00028/ N.º expediente: AND21_IAS_M2_064) from Garantía Juvenil-Andalucía 2022, Consejería de Universidad, Investigación e Innovación, Secretaría General de Investigación e Innovación, Junta de Andalucía/Cofinanciación FEDER 91%.

Peer reviewed