Fish DNA barcoding: A review
2024
R. Nahavandi
The accompanying text provides a comprehensive overview of fish DNA barcoding, a powerful molecular technique used for species identification and biodiversity assessment in ichthyology. DNA barcoding uses a standardized genetic marker, typically a segment of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene, to accurately identify fish species. This method has revolutionized biodiversity assessment, environmental monitoring, and detection of mislabeling in commercial seafood products. The text discusses the methodology of DNA barcoding, including the use of the COI gene as a standard barcode and the development of mini-barcoding techniques for degraded DNA samples. It also highlights the importance of DNA barcode databases such as the Barcode of Life Data System (BOLD) and GenBank in facilitating species identification and research. Major applications of fish DNA barcoding include species identification and discovery, assessing mislabeling in commercial seafood products, monitoring biodiversity in marine environments, and assessing anthropogenic pressures on aquatic ecosystems. Despite its many advantages, the text also acknowledges challenges and limitations, such as taxonomic resolution beyond the species level and dealing with cryptic species. Overall, barcoding fish DNA represents a significant advance in ichthyological research and closes the gap between traditional taxonomy and modern molecular biology.
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