Obtaining biodiversity by hybridizing triticale and the prospects for its use.

The creation of triticale is a great achievement of geneticists and breeders around the world. It combines the positive characteristics and traits of wheat and rye - multi-florets of wheat and multi spikelets of rye. Triticale is distinguished by increased protein concentration with the essential amino acids containing in it, is characterized by high adaptibility (frost resistance, strong immunity to fungal diseases, less demands on soils and environmental conditions) and high potential of a spike productivity. In order to obtain a promising selection starting material of triticale, we carried out intergeneric, interspecific crossing of triticale and crossing of triticale of various ploidy. Based on the study of the initial material, the following forms are distinguished: food forms tall and resistant to lodging, with medium stem, grain forms resistant to lodging, forms resistant to fungal diseases, highly productive forms, multi spikelets and multi grain forms, grain forms resistant to threshing, forms with a short growing season, forms with full grains, forms with a high weight of 1000 grains. From the obtained material two triticale varieties approved for distribution in Georgia has been identified: Kartli 2 - of forage direction and Kartli 5 - both of grain and forage direction. In Georgia, generally is used the triticale of forage direction - Kartli 2, which gives 50-60 tons of green mass per hectare, and Kartli 5 of grain direction which gives 5.5-6.5 tons of grain per hectare. In case of using of triticale there is the possibility of receiving of two yields in one area. The largest harvest of triticale green mass is obtained at the beginning of complete heading or flowering. After harvesting the green mass, can be sowed corn, both on silage and on grain (according to the zones). This method has been worked out and a practical recommendation has been issued for farmers (1987). Fig. 1, Ref. 12.