Development of an efficient in vitro shoot regeneration method for carnation cultivars using cotyledons with apical shoot meristems

Campol, J.R.; Naing, A.H.; Adedeji, O.S.; Kang, H.H.; Cho, S.B.; Chung, M.Y.; Kim, C.K.

Development of an efficient in vitro shoot regeneration method for carnation cultivars using cotyledons with apical shoot meristems

2024

An efficient regeneration method was developed for two carnation cultivars (Dianthus caryophyllus L.), namely “Chabuad” and “Giant Chabuad,” by culturing different explant types [cotyledon and intact apical shoot meristem—intact shoot apical meristem (SAM), half SAM, destroyed SAM] on varying concentrations of plant growth regulators (PGRs). Cotyledon failed to regenerate shoots in any PGR combination for both cultivars, whereas the other explants exhibited considerable shoot regeneration. Among the tested explants, intact SAM exhibited a higher percentage of shoot regeneration than half SAM and destroyed SAM for both cultivars. Regarding the average number of shoots, the highest numbers were seen in half SAM, followed by intact SAM, and then destroyed SAM for both cultivars across all PGR combinations. However, most shoots regenerated from half SAM and destroyed SAM showed vitrification, whereas 5-10% of the shoots from intact SAM exhibited vitrification. The combination of thidiazuron (TDZ) and indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) exhibited a greater efficacy in inducing vitrified shoots than the BA and NAA combination. Based on the findings, it is recommended to culture intact SAM using BA and NAA combinations, particularly with BA (1.0 mg/l) and NAA (0.3 mg/l), to facilitate normal shoot regeneration in both cultivars, as this combination yielded the highest shoot regeneration efficiencies and an adequate number of normal shoots. The shoot regeneration method developed in this study demonstrates the potential for effective shoot regeneration and genetic transformation of these carnation cultivars.

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