Diseño, simulación, construcción y puesta en marcha de Bioimpresora 3D de bajo costo

En este trabajo se diseñó y construyó una Bioimpresora 3D de bajo costo. En primera instancia empleando la herramienta computacional Autodesk Inventor® se realizó un diseño 3D que consta de un marco, motores para movimiento en cada uno de los ejes, así como las partes necesarias para su ubicación y ensamblaje en la estructura de soporte de la impresora. Adicionalmente, se diseñaron dos geometrías para el sistema de extrusión, uno con geometría cónica y otro con geometría cilíndrica, para dosificación del material de impresión con la ayuda de la herramienta computacional COMSOL Multiphysics®. Esto permitió estimar el perfil de velocidad y de esfuerzos cortantes en el fluido durante la extrusión y permitió confirmar que la geometría cónica permite un nivel de control superior sobre la velocidad de extrusión y genera esfuerzos cortantes menores. Estas condiciones son cruciales para asegurar niveles superiores de viabilidad celular. Algunas de las partes para ensamblar los sistemas que componen la impresora fueron manufacturadas por impresión 3D y otras adquiridas comercialmente.

The 3D design of the 3D Bioprinter was made with the Autodesk Inventor® computational tool, which shows details about the structure of the frame, about sizing for the location of necessary parts such as engines for each axis and location of threaded and smooth rods. There are also a series of parts of a commercial 3D printer that were necessary to buy to build the Bioprinter; these specialized components were included in the 3D design. After the 3D design of the bioprinter was completed, the design of the extrusion system, a differential feature of this project, was carried out. Following this, the construction of the Bioimpressor frame made of aluminum is shown and some of the printed parts of the extrusion system are shown for later assembly. Then all CFD modeling is done with the COMSOL Multiphysics® computational tool, where parameters required by the program are presented, design of two geometries for the extruder (one called conical and another cylindrical), physics equations that govern the problem, definition of boundary conditions, meshing methodology and meshing of the geometries, to then simulate two different geometries and obtain the results of polymeric liquid velocity and the shear stress generated by the extruder walls, in these results it was obtained that the velocity and The shear stress generated by the wall in the cylindrical geometry is a little greater in both cases than the results obtained for the conical geometry, thus concluding that the best geometry to place in the extrusion system is the conical, because the speed of extrusion is more controlled and the shear stress is less.

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