Exploring the Therapeutic Efficacy of Iraqi Frog Bile Extract on SKGT4 and AMGM Cell Line Activities

wafeeq Al Ismaeel

Exploring the Therapeutic Efficacy of Iraqi Frog Bile Extract on SKGT4 and AMGM Cell Line Activities

2025

wafeeq Al Ismaeel

AbstractThe potential of natural extracts in cancer treatment has garnered significant attention, particularly for their ability to target cancer cell proliferation. In this study, the cytotoxic effects of bile juice extracted from the Iraqi Eastern Green Frog were investigated on two cancer cell lines: SK-GT-4 (esophageal cancer) and AMGM (glioblastoma). This study demonstrated the dose-dependent cytotoxic effects of Iraqi frog bile juice on both SK-GT-4 and AMGM cancer cell lines. MTT assay results showed that bile juice significantly inhibited cell proliferation, with the highest concentrations (6000 µg/ml and 2000 µg/ml) showing substantial inhibition. For SK-GT-4 cells, the inhibition reached 79.35% at 6000 µg/ml, while for AMGM cells, the inhibition was 67.54% at the same concentration. At lower concentrations (500 µg/ml), inhibition was minimal, with SK-GT-4 cells showing only a 7.85% inhibition and AMGM cells showing 2.02%. The IC50 values were calculated as 1674 µg/ml for SK-GT-4 and 1879 µg/ml for AMGM cells. The results suggest that bile juice from the Iraqi Eastern Green Frog possesses significant anticancer activity, particularly against esophageal cancer (SK-GT-4) and glioblastoma (AMGM) cells, with a clear dose-dependent response. These findings highlight the potential of frog bile as a natural agent for cancer treatment. Future studies should focus on isolating and identifying the active compounds in the bile, exploring their mechanisms of action, and evaluating their therapeutic potential in vivo.

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