Efectos del cambio climático en la producción agrícola

Food security is a challenge not only at the global and regional level, but also in Ecuador as one of the least developed countries. The study had as its main objective to analyze the impact of climate change on agricultural production. The document was prepared based on several journals, virtual libraries and the latest scientific articles. The information was obtained, interpreted, summarized and analyzed to produce relevant findings on the topic under discussion. The summary determined that the effects of climate on plant physiology have increased temperatures in response to problems of genetic erosion and plant extinction, affecting photosynthesis, respiration, water relations, membrane stability, hormonal regulation and responses of secondary metabolism of plants. It was concluded that climatic resources can damage crops through decreased productivity and yield, direct effects on plants and crops, erosion and land degradation, incidence of pests and diseases in crops and reduction of pollinators. In relation to crop resources and within this topic, climatic resources are diagnosed with low water availability, contamination, moisture loss and new pathogens introduced through new varieties. Alternatives in the crop environment, compensatory options to be carried out in the face of the challenges of climate change, refer to crop rotation with drought, temperature, salinity, abiotic stress and photoresistant or strong varieties such as chickpeas, soybeans, quinoa and beans.

Food security is a challenge not only at the global and regional level, but also in Ecuador as one of the least developed countries. The study had as its main objective to analyze the impact of climate change on agricultural production. The document was prepared based on several journals, virtual libraries and the latest scientific articles. The information was obtained, interpreted, summarized and analyzed to produce relevant findings on the topic under discussion. The summary determined that the effects of climate on plant physiology have increased temperatures in response to problems of genetic erosion and plant extinction, affecting photosynthesis, respiration, water relations, membrane stability, hormonal regulation and responses of secondary metabolism of plants. It was concluded that climatic resources can damage crops through decreased productivity and yield, direct effects on plants and crops, erosion and land degradation, incidence of pests and diseases in crops and reduction of pollinators. In relation to crop resources and within this topic, climatic resources are diagnosed with low water availability, contamination, moisture loss and new pathogens introduced through new varieties. Alternatives in the crop environment, compensatory options to be carried out in the face of the challenges of climate change, refer to crop rotation with drought, temperature, salinity, abiotic stress and photoresistant or strong varieties such as chickpeas, soybeans, quinoa and beans.

La seguridad alimentaria es un desafío no sólo a nivel global y regional, sino también en Ecuador como uno de los países menos desarrollados. El estudio tuvo como objetivo principal analizar el impacto del cambio climático en la producción agrícola. El documento se preparó con base en varias revistas, bibliotecas virtuales y los últimos artículos científicos. La información se obtuvo, interpretó, resumió y analizó para producir hallazgos relevantes sobre el tema en discusión. El resumen determinó que los efectos del clima en la fisiología de las plantas han aumentado las temperaturas en respuesta a problemas de erosión genética y extinción de plantas, afectando la fotosíntesis, la respiración, las relaciones hídricas, la estabilidad de las membranas, la regulación hormonal y las respuestas del metabolismo secundario de las plantas. Se concluyó que los recursos climáticos pueden dañar los cultivos a través de la disminución de la productividad y el rendimiento, los efectos directos sobre las plantas y los cultivos, la erosión y la degradación de la tierra, la incidencia de plagas y enfermedades en los cultivos y la reducción de los polinizadores. En su relación con los recursos de los cultivos y dentro de este tema, los recursos climáticos se diagnostican con baja disponibilidad de agua, contaminación, pérdidas de humedad y nuevos patógenos introducidos a través de nuevas variedades. Las alternativas en medio del cultivo, opciones compensatorias a realizar frente a los desafíos del cambio climático, hacen referencia a la rotación de cultivos con sequía, temperatura, salinidad, estrés abiótico y variedades fotorresistentes o fuertes como el garbanzo, la soya, la quinua y el frijol.