Study on the Photosynthetic Physiological Responses of Greenhouse Young Chinese Cabbage (<i>Brassica rapa</i> L. <i>Chinensis Group</i>) Affected by Particulate Matter Based on Hyperspectral Analysis

Particulate matter affects both the light environment and air quality in greenhouses, obstructing normal gas exchange and hindering efficient physiological activities such as photosynthesis. This study focused on young Chinese cabbage (<i>Brassica rapa</i> L. <i>Chinensis Group</i>) in a greenhouse at harvest time, monitoring and comparing hyperspectral information, net photosynthetic rate, and microscopic leaf structure under two conditions: a quantitative artificial particulate matter environment and a healthy environment. Based on microscopic results combined with spectral responses and changes in photosynthetic physiological information, it is believed that particulate matter enters plant cells through stomata. Through retention and transport pathways, it disrupts the membrane structure, organelles, and other components of plant cells, resulting in adverse effects on the plant’s physiological functions. The study analyzed the mechanisms by which particulate matter influences the photosynthesis, spectral characteristics, and physiological responses of young Chinese cabbage. Physiological Reflectance Index (PRI), Modified Chlorophyll Absorption Ratio Index (MCARI), spectral red-edge position (λr), and spectral sensitive bands were used as spectral feature variables. Through cubic polynomial and 24 combinations of spectral preprocessing and modeling methods, an inversion model of spectral features and net photosynthetic rate was established. The optimal combination of spectral preprocessing and modeling methods was finally selected as SG + SD + PLS + MSC, which consists of Savitzky-Golay smooth (SG), second derivative (SD), partial least squares (PLS), and multiplicative scatter correction (MSC). The coefficient of determination (R²) of the model is 0.9513. The results indicate that particulate matter affects plant photosynthesis. The SG + SD + PLS + MSC combination method is relatively advantageous for processing the photosynthetic spectral physiological information of plants under the influence of particulate matter. The results of this study will deepen the understanding of the mechanisms by which particulate matter affects plants and provide a reference for the physiological information inversion of greenhouse vegetables under particulate matter pollution.