First characterization of endophytic Corynespora cassiicola isolates with variant cassiicolin genes recovered from rubber trees in Brazil

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R. Leroy, Thierry Seguin, Marc Roeckel-Drevet, Patricia Pujade-Renaud, Valerie IFC (Institut Francais du Caoutchouc, Paris, France); Michelin (Clermont-Ferrand, France); SIPH ("Societe Internationale de Plantations d'Hevas", Courbevoie, France); SOCFIN ("Societe Financiere des Caoutchoucs", Bruxelles, Belgium) This work was supported in part by a grant from the IFC (Institut Francais du Caoutchouc, Paris, France) and the companies Michelin (Clermont-Ferrand, France), SIPH ("Societe Internationale de Plantations d'Hevas", Courbevoie, France) and SOCFIN ("Societe Financiere des Caoutchoucs", Bruxelles, Belgium). We thank Boris Fumanal and Jean-Stephane Venisse for their valuable comments. Springer New york Si

إنجليزي. Corynespora cassiicola is the causal agent of Corynespora Leaf Fall (CLF) disease. CLF is one of the most important fungal diseases of rubber trees in Asia and Africa but disease outbreaks have not been reported in South America. Cassiicolin, a small cysteine-rich glycoprotein secreted by the pathogenic isolate CCP, was previously identified as a potential disease effector in rubber tree. Recently, the cassiicolin-encoding gene () was characterized and shown to be expressed in the early phase of infection. In this study, we investigated whether previously undetected strains of are present in South American rubber plantations by examining the fungal endophyte population found in asymptomatic rubber tree leaves. Four isolates were identified as . Genes encoding new forms of the cassiicolin precursor protein (Cas3 and Cas4) were identified from these isolates. Three of four isolates were able to induce symptoms on the cultivar they were isolated from in a detached leaf assay, with different kinetics and intensities. One isolate had the same pathogenicity profile as the pathogenic isolate CCP; the other two isolates developed symptoms late during the course of infection, suggesting saprotrophic capabilities. However, no or transcripts could be detected upon inoculation with the endophytic isolates, whereas the reference gene was expressed upon inoculation with the CCP isolate. This work demonstrated that is present in South America in an endophytic form and that it may evolve from an endophytic to a saprophytic or even potentially pathogenic life style.