Marker Haplotype Construction for the Hybrid Necrosis Gene <i>Ne2</i> and Its Distribution in Old and New Wheat Varieties
2025
Volker Mohler | Adalbert Bund | Lorenz Hartl | Theresa Albrecht
Hybrid necrosis in wheat is caused by an interaction between two genes, <i>Ne1</i> and <i>Ne2</i>, that triggers the gradual death of plant tissue. This trait affects wheat breeding as the gene <i>Ne2</i> is the same as the gene <i>Lr13</i> for leaf rust resistance. We have built a three-marker haplotype that consists of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) marker information already available on genotyping arrays for the determination of the presence and absence of <i>Ne2</i>. In this work, test crosses of eight bread wheat varieties with known and unknown <i>Ne1</i> carriers showed that six of them possessed <i>Ne2</i>. We analyzed a set of wheat varieties which had partial SNPs and phenotypic data, i.e., hybrid necrosis and leaf rust reactions, using Kompetitive Allele-Specific PCR (KASP) markers previously available for <i>Ne2</i>. The observed haplotypes of the SNP markers RAC875_c1226_652, Ra_c4397_542, and AX-110926324 perfectly matched the KASP marker variants for <i>Ne2</i> and <i>ne2</i>. A prediction, based on these SNP haplotypes, of the distribution of <i>Ne2</i> in wheat varieties, predominantly from Germany and released between 1900 and 2024, showed that breeding steadily increased the proportion of <i>Ne2</i> in the German gene pool.
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