Cultivation of the giant freshwater prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii De Man, 1879) in Ukraine and worldwide: a review

Purpose. This review article aims to systematize and analyze global experience in the cultivation of the giant freshwater prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii (De Man, 1879), and to assess the prospects for introducing and developing its aquaculture under the temperate climate conditions of Ukraine. Particular attention is given to identifying optimal cultivation methods, environmental requirements for rearing, and the potential for adapting existing international technologies to local conditions. Methodology. The study is based on a comprehensive analysis of current scientific literature, reports from international aquaculture organizations, and practical case studies of successful cultivation of M. rosenbergii worldwide. Comparative analysis methods were applied to evaluate cultivation practices across different climatic zones, while descriptive and analytical approaches were used to generalize technological and biological data. Special emphasis was placed on experimental practices involving the use of geothermal sources and recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS). Findings. Literature analysis demonstrated that aquaculture of M. rosenbergii is one of the most dynamically developing sectors globally, driven by high market demand and the species’ biological plasticity. The prawn’s life cycle includes a mandatory brackish water phase for larval development, posing a technological challenge for freshwater farms. However, several countries have addressed this issue by establishing specialized hatchery systems with controlled salinity and applying recirculating aquaculture technologies. The analysis confirmed the feasibility of adapting such practices to Ukrainian conditions through the use of warm-water resources, particularly geothermal wells, and the implementation of modern closed-loop systems. The study identified key barriers, including the high cost of equipment and the need for specialized feeds, and proposed potential solutions such as the organization of domestic production and the training of qualified personnel. Originality. The article presents a consolidated review of international experience in M. rosenbergii cultivation, with a focus on its practical application in Ukraine. Technological models suitable for the Ukrainian aquaculture sector have been generalized and structured, and innovative directions for bioresource management have been outlined. Practical Value. The study substantiates the economic and ecological advantages of developing M. rosenbergii aquaculture in Ukraine. The article provides practical recommendations for planning pilot projects, investing in recirculating aquaculture systems, and integrating alternative heat sources, including geothermal energy.