Response of leaf area and dry matter of crop, weeds and cover crops to competition and fertilizer resources | Odziv listne površine in suhe snovi poljščin, vmesnih posevkov in plevelov na kompeticijo in izrabo gnojil

إنجليزي. Plasticity of plants to allocate leaf area and dry matter to upper layer of canopy play important role in canopy architecture and competition. In order to study the vertical distribution of leaf area and dry matter of corn (Zea mays L.), cover crops and weeds canopy in different fertilizer condition and competition, a randomized complete block design experiment with 8 treatments and 3 replicates was conducted at Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University in 2012. Treatments were included corn with soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) as cover crop without fertilizer application, corn with soybean as cover crop with chemical fertilizer application, corn with soybean as cover crop with compost fertilizer application, corn with wheat (Triticum aesitivum L.) as cover crop without fertilizer application, corn with wheat as cover crop with chemical fertilizer application, corn with wheat as cover crop with compost fertilizer application and corn monoculture both in weedy and weed free conditions. The results showed that weed infestation reduced total leaf area and dry matter of corn. Corn distributed more leaf area and dry mater of canopy to the upper layer in weedy conditions. Between cover crops, soybeans allocated corn leaf area and dry mater to the higher layers of canopy than wheat. Also, soybean reduced leaf area and dry mater production of weeds more than wheat. Soybean as cover crop with the use of compost treatment was more efficient in reducing of weed biomass and corn yield production.

السلوفينية. Sposobnost rastlin za premeščanje listne površine in suhe snovi v zgornje plasti krošnje ima pomebno vlogo v njihovi zgradbi in tekmovalnosti. Za preučevanje vertikalne razporeditve listne površine in suhe snovi v krošnji koruze (Zea mays L.), njenega vmesnega posevka in plevelov v različnih razmerah gnojenja in tekmovalnosti je bil v letu 2012 izveden naključni bločni poskus z osmimi obravnavanji in tremi ponovitvami na Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University. Obravnavanja so obsegala koruzo in njen vmesni posevek sojo (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) brez uporabe mineralnih gnojil, koruzo s sojo kot vmesnim posevkom gnojeno s kompostom, koruzo s pšenico (Triticum aesitivum L.) kot vmesnim posevkom brez gnojenja, koruzo s pšenico kot vmesnim posevkom, gnojeno z mineralnimi gnojili, koruzo s pšenico kot vmesnim posevkom gnojeno s kompostom in monokulturo koruze v razmerah z in brez plevelov. Rezultati so pokazali, da so pleveli zmanjšali listno površino in vsebnost suhe snovi pri koruzi. Koruza je premestila več listne površine in suhe snovi v zgornje plasti krošnje v razmerah zapleveljenosti. V razmerah z vmesnimi posevki je koruza premestila več listne površine in suhe snovi v zgornje plasti z vmesnim posevkom sojo kot pa s pšenico. Podobno je soja bolj zmanjšala listno površino in suho snov plevelov kot pšenica. Soja je kot vmesni posevek ob uporabi komposta bolj učinkovito zmanjšala biomaso plevelov kot tudi pridelek koruze.