Effects of a High-Protein/Moderate-Carbohydrate Diet on Appetite, Gut Peptides, and Endocannabinoids—A Preview Study
2019
Lea Tischmann | Mathijs Drummen | Blandine Gatta-Cherifi | Anne Raben | Mikael Fogelholm | Bolette Hartmann | Jens J. Holst | Isabelle Matias | Daniela Cota | Ronald P. Mensink | Peter J. Joris | Margriet S. Westerterp-Plantenga | Tanja C. Adam
Favorable effects of a high-protein/moderate-carbohydrate (HP/MCHO) diet after weight loss on body weight management have been shown. To extend these findings, associations between perception of hunger and satiety with endocannabinoids, and with glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and polypeptide YY (PYY) were assessed. At approximately 34 months after weight loss, 22 female and 16 male participants (mean age 64.5 ±: 5.9 years: body mass index (BMI) 28.9 ±: 3.9 kg/m2) completed a 48 h respiration chamber study. Participants were fed in energy balance with a HP/MCHO diet with 25%:45%:30% or a moderate-protein/high-carbohydrate (MP/HCHO) diet with 15%:55%:30% of energy from protein:carbohydrate:fat. Endocannabinoids and related compounds, relevant postprandial hormones (GLP-1, PYY), hunger, satiety, and ad libitum food intake were assessed. HP/MCHO versus MP/HCHO reduced hunger perception. The lower decremental area under the curve (dAUC) for hunger in the HP/MCHO diet (&minus:56.6% compared to MP, p <: 0.05) was associated with the higher AUC for 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) concentrations (p <: 0.05). Hunger was inversely associated with PYY in the HP/MCHO group (r = &minus:0.7, p <: 0.01). Ad libitum food intake, homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and incremental AUCs for gut peptides were not different between conditions. HP/MCHO versus MP/HCHO diet-induced reduction in hunger was present after 34 months weight maintenance in the post-obese state. HP/MCHO diet-induced decrease of hunger is suggested to interact with increased 2-AG and PYY concentrations.
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