Plant-Derived UDP-Glycosyltransferases for Glycosylation-Mediated Detoxification of Deoxynivalenol: Enzyme Discovery, Characterization, and In Vivo Resistance Assessment
2025
Valeria Della Gala | Laura Dato | Gerlinde Wiesenberger | Diana Jæger | Gerhard Adam | Jørgen Hansen | Ditte Hededam Welner
Fungal infections of crops pose a threat to global agriculture. Fungi of the genus Fusarium cause widespread diseases in cereal crops. Fusarium graminearum reduces yields and produces harmful mycotoxins such as deoxynivalenol (DON). Plants mitigate DON toxicity through glucose conjugation mediated by UDP-glycosyltransferases (UGTs), forming deoxynivalenol-3-O-glucoside (DON-3-Glc). Few such UGTs have been identified, predominantly from Fusarium-susceptible crops. Given that the presence of this activity in diverse plants and across broader UGT subfamilies and groups was underexplored, we screened a library of 380 recombinant plant UGTs and identified and characterized eight novel enzymes glycosylating DON in vitro. Among these, ZjUGT from Ziziphus jujuba stood out with the highest activity, showing an apparent kcat of 0.93 s&minus:1 and kcat/Km of 2450 M&minus:1 s&minus:1. Interestingly, four enzymes produced primarily a novel, still uncharacterized glucoside. Furthermore, we evaluated the in vivo resistance provided by these UGTs when expressed in a DON-sensitive yeast strain. At least six of the novel UGTs conferred some level of resistance, allowing growth at concentrations of up to 120 mg/L of DON. This study contributes to potential strategies to enhance DON resistance in cereal crops in the future.
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