Effect of Some Pesticides on Growth Parameters of- Garden Pea (Pisum Sativum L.) Inoculated with Rhizobium leguminosarum in Syria

المجلد 16 الإصدار Special issue, Special issue الرقم التسلسلي المعياري الدولي (ردمد) 2305-5243

References - Abdul-Ghany, O. I.Sarmamy, Shelan M. Khidir. 2013. Effects of Some Soil Treated Pesticides On Growth Characteristics of Faba Bean and Wheat Plants. International Journal of Emerging Technologies in Computational and Applied Sciences, 5(1), June-August, 2013: 07-20. - Abhilasha, C. and R. Shekharappa. 2017. Efficacy of bio and synthetic pesticides against Thrips Scirtothrips dorsalis (Hood) and Leaf miner Liriomyza spp. on Peas, Pisum Sativum (L.). Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies; 5(3): 690-696. - Agrios, G.N. 2005. Plant Pathology.fifth Edition. New York, USA.: 948 - Ahemad, M. 2014. Growth suppression of legumes in pyriproxyfen stressed soils: A comparative study. Emir. J. Food Agric. 26 (1): 66-72 - Ahtiainen, J. H., Vanhala P. and A. Myllymaki. 2003. Effects of different plant protection programs on soil microbes. Ecotoxicology Environment Safety. Vol. 54, p. 56–64 - Anuradha, B., A. Rekhapadmini and V. Rangaswamy,2016. Innocence of tebuconazole and copper hydroxide on phosphatase and urease activities in red sandy loam and black clay soils. Biotech. 6, 78. - Arnon, D.I., 1949. Copper enzymes in isolated chloroplasts. Polyphenoloxidase in Beta vulgaris. Plant Physiol., 24: 1-15. Association of Official Agricultural Chemists, Official Methods. 9th Edn., Association Office Agric. Chem., Washington. - Aziz, M.A., M. Ahmad, M.F. Nasir and M. Naeem, 2013. Efficacy of different neem (Azadirachta indica) products in comparison with imidacloprid against english grain aphid (Sitobion avenae) on wheat. Int. J. Agric. Biol., 15: 279-284. - Badr, E., A.; B. Amany, A. Amin, A. Gehan, A. and A. M. Wali. 2014. Response of sweet lupin (Lupinus albus L.) to spraying with molybdenum, bio and nitrogen fertilizer on seed yield and quality. Middle East J. Agric. Res., 3(2):363-367. - Black, C. A.; D. D. Evans; L. L. White; L. E. Ensminger and F. E. Clark (1965). Method of Soil Analysis , ASA Agron. No. 9 part I and II. Black, C. A. (1965). Method of soil analysis. Part 2. Chemical and Microbiology Properties. Am. Soc. Agron. Inc. Madison. Wisconsin. USA. - Beck, D.P.; L.A. Materon and F. Avandia. 1993. Practical Rhizobium– legume Technology Manual. Technical Manual. No. 19. ICARDA Aleppo, Syria. - Bertholet, J. and K.W. Clark. 1985. Effect of trifluralin and metribuzin on faba bean growth, development, and symbiotic nitrogen fixation. Can. J. Plant Sci. 65:9-21.- Blixt, A., 1970 . BobofeKyltyre e Broblema Ractetelnova belka-M.,R. occelkhazedat,450p.120-129p. - Buket, B. T. Biçer, and V. Pirinç. 2015. “the effect of different fertilizer forms in pea pisum sativum l on yield and yield components,” presented at the. 2nd international symposium for agriculture and food isaf 2015, ohrid. - Deshwal, V. K. and A. Chaubey, A. 2014. Isolation and Characterization of Rhizobium leguminosarum from Root nodule of Pisum sativum L. Journal of Academia and Industrial Research (JAIR) 2(8): p. 464- 468. - Dodge, A. D. 1990. The mode of action and metabolism of herbicides. pp. 201–215. In: Hance, R. J., Holly, K. (eds.), Weed Control Handbook: Principles, 8th Edition. BlackwellScientific Publications, Oxford, UK. - FAO,(2014).http://faostat.fao.org/site/567/DesktopDefault.aspx?p=567 - Gachande , D. and Khansole, S. 2011. Morphological, cuuiural and biochemical characteristics of Riiizobium japonicum syn and bmdyrhizobium taponicum of’soybean. Bioscience discovery,Vo l02, - Gahukar, R.T., 2000. Use of neem products in cotton pest management. Int. J. Pest. Manage., 46: 149–160 - Gaind S, et al. 2007. Survival of bio-inoculants on fungicides-treated seeds of wheat, pea and chickpea and subsequent effect on chickpea yield. J Environ Sci Health B.; 42:663-668. - Gerhardt, p., Murry,R.G.E.; Wood,W.A.; Kriey , N.R. (1994) Methodes for General and Molecular Bacteriology. ASM, Washingtonpc, ISBN 1-55581-048-9, P518. - Gorfu, D. and Sangchote, S. 2003. Effects of Seed Treatment Fungicides on Ascochyta pinodes of Field Pea Under Controlled and Field Conditions. Kasetsart J. (Nat. Sci.) 37: 429 – 444. - Government of Saskatchewan. 2009. Dry Pea. [Online]. Available: http://www.agriculture.gov.sk.ca/pea . - Grau, C. R. and T. P. Reiling. 1977. Effect of trifluralin and dinitramine on  Aphanomyces root rot of pea. Phytopathology 67: 273-276. - Guidi, L., M. Tattini and M. Landi. 2017. How does chloroplast protect chlorophyll against excessive light?, in Chlorophyll, In Tech,. - Hassan, F. 2006. Heterologous expression of a recombinant chitinase from Streptomyces olivaceoviridis ATCC 11238 in transgenic pea (Pisum sativum L.). MSc thesis Leibniz University, Germany, 166. - Howieson, J.G. and M.j.Dilworth (Eds.)2016.Working with Rhizobium ACIAR,Center for rhizobia studies Murdoch University. - Ju,C. J. Xu, X. Wu, F. Dong, X. Liu, C. Tian and Y. Zheng. 2017. Effects of hexaconazole application on soil microbe’s community and nitrogen transformations in paddy soils, Sci. Total Environ, 609, 655–663. - Katan, J. 2017. Diseases caused by soil borne: Biology, Management and challenges, J. Plant Pathol., 99, 2. - Kumar, L., S. C. Verma and P. L. Sharma, Studies on effect of essential oils on quality characters of pea seeds (Pisum sativum L.) damaged by Callosobruchus chinensis L. (Coleoptera: Bruchidae), J. Entomol.  Zool. Stud., 2017, 5, 562–565. - Liang, G., W. Chen and T.X. Liu, 2003. Effects of three neem-based insecticides on diamondback moth (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae). Crop Prot., 22: 333–340 - Lunga, I., Loredana, S., Stana, M. C. and Matea, C. 2013. Evaluation of total chlorophyll content in microwave-irradiated Ocimum basilicumL. Scientific Bulletin of Escorena.Vol. 8, p.31-35 - Lyr, H. 1987. Modern Selective Fungicides, ed. H. Lyr. Longmans, Harlow John Wiley, New York, 1987. - Mårtensson, A. M. 1992. Effects of Agrochemicals and Heavy Metals on Fast-Growing Rhizobium and their Symbiosis with Small-Seeded Legumes. Soil Bio. Bioch.y, 24(5): 435-445. - McPheem K. 2003. Dry pea production and breeding – a mini-review Food, Agriculture and Environment, vol. 1, No. 1, p. 64-69 - Miller, G.T., 2004.Sustaining the Earth.6th Edn., Thompson Learning Inc.,Pacific Grove,CA.,USA.,pp:211-216. - Mishra, V., A. A. Lal and S. Simon. 2017. Efficacy of botanicals and bio-agents against powdery mildew disease of garden pea (Pisum sativum L.), J. Pharm. Phyto, 6, 1125–1126. - Mondal, S., M. Kumar1, S. Haque, D. Kundu. 2017. Phytotoxicity of glyphosate in the germination of Pisum sativum and its effect on germinated seedlings. Environmental Health and Toxicology ;32: p7. - Mourad, B., B. Eddine and B. Mokhtar. 2017. The response of antioxidant defense system of a legume green bean Phaseolus vulgaris cv. Dje exposed to a xenobiotic hexaconazole, Int. J. Adv. Eng. Manag., 2, 270-2780. - Parween,a T., S. J. Mahomooduzzafar and T. Fatima. 2012. Evaluation of oxidative stress in Material Safety Data, Vigna radiata L. in response to Chloropyrifos, Int. J. Env. Sci., and Technol., 9, 605-612. - Parween,b T., S. Jan and T. Fatma. 2012. Evaluation of oxidative stress in Vigna radiata L. in response to chlorpyrifos, Int. J. Environ. Sci. Tech., 9(4), 605–612. - Pniewski , T and J. Kapusta. 2005. Efficiency of transformation of Polish cultivars of pea (Pisum sativum L.) with various regeneration capacity by using hyper- virulent Agrobacetrium tumefaciens stains. Journal of Applied Genetics. 46:139-147. - Post, P.1998. Organophosphate (Post note 12), Parliamentary office of science and technology, London, UK. pp 77-128. - Rajput, N. A., M. Ali Pathan, Abdul M. Lodhi, D. and S. Dou1. 2011. Effect of neem (Azadirachta indica) products on seedling growth of shisham dieback. African Journal of Microbiology Research Vol. 5(27),pp. 4937-4945. - Robak, J., Sobolewski, J., Włodarek, A., Rogowska, M., Wrzodak, R., Anyszka, Z., Broniarek, A., Płuciennik, Z., Lisek J. 2014. Plant protection recommendations for the years 2014/2015. Part iii. Vegetables and orchards. Instytut Ochrony Roślin, Warszawa. (in Polish) - Roberts, E. H. (1985). Grain legume crops. Collins profession and technical books, Mackays of Chatham, kent, pp:859. - Sankar, B., K. Karthishwaran and R. Somasundaram. 2017. Photosynthetic pigment content alterations in Arachis hypogeae L. in relation to varied irrigation levels with growth hormone and triazoles, J. Eco. Biotechnol. 5, 7. - Santhoshkumar, M., L. Baskaran, T. Mahakavi and T. R. mycin. 2015. Chlorpyrifos Toxicity in Green Gram (Vigna radiata L.). Journal of Environmental Treatment Techniques, Vol. 3 (1): 25-27. - Sarmamy, A. o. I. and S. M. Khidir.2013.Effects of some soil treated pesticides on growth characteristics of faba bean and wheat plants. Int.J.Eme.Tech.comp & App.sci. 5(1): 07-20. - Satti, A.A., M.E. Ellaithy and A.E. Mohamed, 2010. Insecticidal activities of neem (Azadirachta indica A.Juss) seeds under laboratory and field conditions as affected by different storage durations. Agric. Biol. J.N. Amer., 1: 1001-1008 - Schmutterer, H. and R.P. Singh, 2002. List of insect pests susceptible to neem products. In: The Neem Tree Azadirachta indica A. Juss. and other Meliaceous Plants. pp: 411–456. Schmutterer, H. and Weinhiem (eds). VCH Publications, Germany - Schmutterer, H., 1995. The Neem Tree Source of Unique Natural Products for IPM, Medicine, Industry and Other Purposes, VCH, Publication New York, USA - Scurtu, I., G. Sovărel, A. Cenusă, M. Costache. 2017. Protective effect of some fungicides used for the treatment of pea seed (Pisum sativum L.). Current Trends in Natural Sciences Vol. 6, Issue 11, pp. 58-62. - Seidenglanz, M., J. Rotrekl, I. Smýkalová, J. Poslušná and P. Kolařík. 2010. Differences between the effects of insecticidal seed and foliar treatments on pea leaf weevils (Sitona lineatus L.) in the field pea (Pisum sativum L.). Plant Protect. Sci., 46: 19–27. - Shafeek, A., R.P. Jaya Prasanthi, G. Hariprasad Reddy, C.S. Chetty and G. Rajarami Reddy, 2004. Alterations in acetylcholinesterase and electrical activity in the nervous system of cockroach exposed to the neem derivative, azadirachtin. Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf., 59: 205–208 - Shahid, M, B. Ahmed, A. Zaidi and M. S. Khan.2018a. Toxicity of fungicides to Pisum sativum: a study of oxidative damage, growth suppression, cellular death and morpho-anatomical changes. RSC Adv., 8, 38483-38498. - Shahid, M., B. Ahmed and M. S. Khan. 2018b. Evaluation of microbiological management strategy of herbicide toxicity to green gram plants, Biocat. Agric. Biotech, 1(14), 96–108. - Shahzad, F., Shafee, M., Abbas, F., Babar, S., Tariq, M. and Ahmad, Z. 2012. Isolation and Biochemical Characterization of Rhizobium meliloti from root nodules of Alfalfa (Medico sativa). J. Animal Pl. Sci. 22(2): 522-524. - Singh, G. and Wright, D.2000. In vitro studies on the effects of herbicides on the growth of rhizobia. Lett Appl Microbiol;35:12-16. - Tagore, G.S.; S. L. Namdeo, S. K. Sharma and N. Kumar. 2013. Effect of Rhizobium and phosphate solubilizing bacterial inoculants on symbiotic traits, nodule legheamoglobin and yield of chickpea genotypes. Inter. J. Agro. 58:16-27. - Tariq, M., S Hameed, M. Shahid, T. Yasmeen and A. Amanat. 2016. Effect of Fungicides and Bioinoculants on Pisum sativum. Research & Reviews: Journal of Botanical Sciences.5,2:45-49. - Tomlin, C. (ed.).1995. The Pesticide Manual, 10th Edition. British Crop Protection Council, Farnham and Royal Society of Chemistry, Cambridge, UK. - Uthman, T., A. Awosanya, A. Ayanwale and T. Ayinde, The effect of fungicides on the nodulation of cowpea (vigna unguiculata L.) in a tropical rainforest, Environ. J. Sus. Dev., 2017, 7, 56–61. - Villanueva, M. I. C.; B. F. Muniz and R. S. Tames. 1985. Effect of glyphosate on growth and the chlorophyll and carotenoid levels of yellow nutsedge (Cyperus esculentus). Weed Sci., 33 (6): 751-754. - Vincent, J. 1981. The genus Rhizobium in: starr , M.P.; Stolp,H.;Truper H.G.; Balows, A. and Schilegel, H.G.(eds).1981.”The Prokaryotes Vol.1, Springer-Verlang,U.S.A. pp. 818-837. - Vincent, J.M. 1970.A manual for the practical study of the root-nodule bacteria. I.B.P. Handbook No.15. Blackwell Scientific Publication Ltd., Oxford. - Walley, F., Taylor A., Lupwayi N.2006. Herbicide effects on pulse crop nodulation and nitrogen fixation. Proceedings of Farm Technology. Saskatchewan, Canada. p. 121–123 - Xiao, Y. M., L. Esser, F. Zhou, C. Li, Y. H. Zhou, C. A. Qin and D. Xia. 2014. Studies on inhibition of respiratory cytochrome bc1 complex by the fungicide pyrimorph suggest a novel inhibitory mechanism, PloS one, 9, 93765. - Zilani, M. N. H. ,T. Sultana, S. A. Rahman, M. Anisuzzman, M. A. Islam, J. A. Shilpi and M. G. Hossain. 2017. Chemical composition and pharmacological activities of Pisum sativum, BMC Complementary Altern. Med., 17(1), 171.