Evaluation of energy and nutrient utilization for corn, barley, and wheat bran in primiparous and multiparous sows during the gestation, lactation, and post-weaning period.

إنجليزي. peer reviewed

إنجليزي. Despite extensive research focusing on feed ingredients for growing pigs, limited studies have systematically evaluated the effect of physiological stage and parity on feed ingredient utilization in sows. This study aimed to evaluate the energy and nutrient utilization of corn, barley, and wheat bran in primiparous and multiparous sows across different physiological stages. A total of 20 primiparous sows (initial body weight 186.9 ± 4.2 kg) and 24 multiparous sows (initial body weight 253.9 ± 6.1 kg) were used across the gestation (50 d), lactation, and post-weaning period, using a completed randomized design with 4 dietary treatments (control, corn, barley, and wheat bran), where primiparous and multiparous sows had 5 and 6 replicates per treatment, respectively. For primiparous sows, the apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and gross energy (GE) in barley was higher during lactation than during the post-weaning period (P < 0.05), and the ATTD of NDF in wheat bran was also higher during lactation than post-weaning period (P < 0.05). Across all three ingredients, NDF digestibility was consistently higher during lactation compared to post-weaning period (P < 0.05). In multiparous sows, the ATTD of crude protein (CP) in corn was higher during gestation and lactation than during post-weaning period (P < 0.05). Digestible energy and ATTD of GE in wheat bran were greater during lactation than gestation (P < 0.05). For three ingredients, metabolizable energy (ME) was higher during lactation than during gestation and post-weaning period, and CP digestibility during lactation and gestation exceeded that in the post-weaning period (P < 0.05). Parity also influenced nutrient utilization. During gestation, primiparous sows showed higher ATTD of CP in wheat bran (P < 0.05), while multiparous sows had higher ATTD of ether extract (EE) in both barley (P < 0.01) and wheat bran (P < 0.05). During lactation, corn digestibility was not different between different physiological stages. Primiparous sows showed higher ATTD of NDF in barley compared with multiparous sows (P < 0.01), whereas multiparous sows exhibited higher ATTD of EE in both barley and wheat bran (P < 0.05). In the post-weaning period, primiparous sows had higher ME and ATTD of CP in corn (P < 0.05), while multiparous sows had higher ATTD of EE in both barley (P < 0.05) and wheat bran (P < 0.01). In conclusion, this study demonstrated that physiological stage and parity affect nutrient digestibility and energy utilization in sows. Lactation period improved the utilization of barley and wheat bran, and multiparous sows exhibited greater EE digestibility.

إنجليزي. Feed ingredient evaluation for sows has often been extrapolated from data on growing pigs, which may not accurately reflect nutrient utilization in sows. This study systematically evaluated the digestibility of energy and nutrients from corn, barley, and wheat bran in primiparous and multiparous sows across gestation, lactation, and post-weaning stages. Results showed that apparent total tract digestibility of nutrients, especially fiber and energy, varies with physiological stage and parity. For example, the digestibility of neutral detergent fiber was higher during lactation compared to post-weaning period for barley and wheat bran, and multiparous sows generally showed higher digestibility of ether extract. These findings emphasize the importance of considering both parity and physiological stage when formulating sow diets to optimize nutrient utilization and improve feeding precision.