Genetic dissection of flowering and maturity traits in diverse panel of Brassica juncea under normal vs. sodic soil
2025
Jaiswal, Mallika | Vimal, S.C. | Bharti, Baudh | Yadav, R.K. | ., Shweta
This study aimed to investigate the genetic and environmental regulation of flowering and maturity traits across contrasting soil environments to inform breeding for stress resilience and early maturity. A panel of 176 diverse genotypes was evaluated over two seasons at two locations—normal soil (Kumarganj) and sodic soil (Masaudha). Analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed highly significant (p < 0.01) effects of location on all phenological traits, with sodic soils causing an average delay of 9.93 days in flowering initiation and 19.53 days in maturity. Genotype and genotype × environment (G×E) interactions were also significant, while year-to-year variation remained relatively stable. Heritability estimates were high for Days to Flowering Initiation (DFI: 89.8%), Days to 100% Flowering (DHF: 93.0%), and Days to Flowering Completion (DFC: 83.4%), supported by substantial genetic advance (28.6%, 15.3%, and 12.2%, respectively), indicating strong genetic control. Boxplot and GCV analyses showed earlier phenology and greater stability at the normal soil site. These results highlight three key contributions: (1) identification of stable, high-heritability traits (DFI, DHF) for selection under stress; (2) quantification of sodicity-induced delays in phenology; and (3) demonstration of temporal stability across years. The 5–10-day phenology shift observed in Year-2 suggests potential for agronomic improvement. Overall, this study offers valuable insights into phenological trait regulation under soil stress and provides practical tools for breeding early-maturing, sodicity-resilient mustard cultivars.
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