Relevance. In connection with the development of industrial hydroponics in the country, the need arose to create targeted varieties and hybrids of F1 small radish for salad lines, which have special requirements. They should be productive, early ripening and shade-tolerant, with a rounded root shape and a small compact rosette of leaves, resistant to premature stem formation (stem formation). Root vegetables should be juicy, dense, without voids and bitterness, as well as with a high content of ascorbic acid and other biologically active substances and low accumulation of pollutants.Methodology. The material for the study was selection samples of small radishes created in the laboratory of selection and seed production of table root crops of the Federal State Budgetary Institution " Federal Scientific Vegetable Center". The assessment of promising breeding material was carried out in the seedling department of the Richel greenhouse and in the production conditions of Moskovsky LLC according to the methods adopted by the Federal Scientific Center.Results. Based on the assessment results, promising leveled material was identified, adapted to the conditions of salad lines, both in terms of a set of characteristics and in individual areas of selection: No. 81 with high yield and marketability, having large red root crops of a round-oval shape and a small leaf rosette, No. 83 – with large roots, small leaf rosette and resistance to flowering, No. 80 is a genetic source of high resistance to flowering (3.6%) combined with marketability and a small leaf rosette. Genetic sources of high dry matter content were identified – the Dutch hybrid F1 Gloritet, monosaccharides – sample No. 83, ascorbic acid – No. 76, 81, 82, 84, high content of vitamin "C" and monosaccharides in root vegetables – No. 76. In the production conditions of Moskovsky LLC, three promising samples small radishes stood out with a yield of more than 2200 g per 1 m2 and a marketability of 93.9-96.8%, distinguished by large rounded red root crops, a small rosette of leaves and a thin axial root.

Several early ripening pumpkin varieties adn hybrids with high yield and resistance to cold and diseases and high organoleptic properties were developed in Federal Scientific Vegetable Cencer. They are early, cold-resistant, yielding and resistant to a diseases and they have high taste and technological qualities of fruits. Most varieties of pumpkin need to fruit ripening to improve their taste. Lateripening varieties with long-term storage of fruits, until the end of November – early December, accumulate up to 10% of the amount of sugars. The timing of pumpering and storage of pumpkin fruits without loss of quality and taste indicators are individual for each variety and can vary greatly between each other. Gourds of a pumpkin of a dining room are shown as practically not requiring, and requiring in fruit ripening – from two weeks to two months. To a large extent, all varieties differ in terms of the shelf life of the fruit. Using these characteristics of varieties, even in the conditions of the Moscow region, you can create a continuous conveyor of consumption of pumpkin fruits. Recommendations are given on the timing of dosage and use of fruits of different varieties of pumpkin selection Federal Scientific Vegetable Center.

Relevance. It is necessary to search for methods for obtaining environmentally friendly products and reducing the pesticide load on agrobiocenoses. Biostimulants can influence the increase in the yield of vegetable crops and improve their quality, which is confirmed by numerous studies. Stimulating effects depend on a combination of various biotic and abiotic factors. The aim of the study was to assess the effect of biostimulants on the yield and quality of Brassica Oleracea in the conditions of the Central Non-Chernozem zone on heavy loamy sod-podzolic soils.Methodology. A field experiment was carried out in the conditions of the Non-Chernozem zone of the Russian Federation on sod-podzolic soil in 2019-2021. In an experiment with two hybrids of Brassica Oleracea: F1 Zarnitsa (mid-early) and F1 Mechta (late-ripening), biostimulants Agrofil and MBK-BIS were studied for soaking seeds, seedlings and foliar treatment. The control variants were without fertilizer (absolute control) and the N90P120K150 background.Results. The effect of mineral fertilizers on both hybrids was characterized by an increase in the weight of heads of cabbage by 11.7 and 23.5%, respectively. When treating seeds, the weight of heads of cabbage increased by 15-18% compared to the background. Additional treatment with stimulants for soaking seedlings in Agrofil and foliar treatment with the MBK-BIS preparation increased the weight of heads of cabbage in comparison with the background in the F1 Zarnitsa hybrid by 21.4 and 23.3%, F1 Mechta - by 21.4 and 25.4%. The contribution of biostimulants to the yield of the used cabbage hybrids is more pronounced in the late-ripening hybrid, which directly depends on the amount of precipitation during the growing season. The studied biostimulants contribute to an increase in the content of vitamin C, fiber, and the amount of sugars in cabbage heads.Conclusion. Biostimulants MBK-BIS and Agrofil are effective for increasing the yield and improving the biochemical composition of the studied Brassica oleracea hybrids in the conditions of the Non-Chernozem zone of Russia.

Relevance. The genus Allium L. attracts the attention of researchers due to the presence of valuable medicinal, nutritional and decorative properties, adaptive capabilities, resistance to pests and diseases, ecological plasticity in its representatives, which contributes to the competitiveness of species and the manifestation of a high degree of adaptation outside natural areas and wide geographical distribution. Allium resources in Russia are a potential source of genes for expanding the genetic base of agricultural crops.The aim of the work was to establish the yield and change in the quality of green leaves of Allium species introduced into the Moscow region during short-term storage, depending on the type of packaging, storage period and temperature. 4-5-year-old plants of 4 species (A. altyncolicum, A. chyatophorum, A. nutans and A. turkestanicum) were grown on the collection plot of perennial onions of All-Russian Research Institute of Vegetable Growing – branch of the FSBSI FVSC.Results. In the conditions of the Moscow region, the yield per leaf generation varied from 2.7 kg/m2 (A. altyncolicum) to 4.9 kg/m2 (A. cyathophorum). The maximum yield of marketable products was noted in hermetically sealed plastic bags when stored for 10 days at a temperature of +6...8oС in a refrigerator with controlled conditions: A. turkestanicum – 70.0%, A. cyathophorum – 75.5%, A. altyncolicum – 84.9%, A. nutans – 92.9%. However, an increase in the dry matter content (10.1-15.5%) was found during storage in an open polymer box in all tested species. The maximum content of vitamin C during storage in hermetically sealed bags with a density of 100 μm was found in A. altyncolicum (37.1 mg%) and A. nutans (42 mg%). In other species, the maximum value of this indicator was noted before storage. A slight increase in the amount of sugars after storage for 10 days was noted in species with a linear leaf shape when stored in a polymer box.

The production of functional food products is one of the most important directions of development of the food industry. Particular attention is paid to the creation of new balanced in composition of products enriched with functional components, allowing them to increase their nutritional and biological value. Among vegetable crops, pumpkin is a highly valuable raw material in the food industry, which has equally both nutritional and biological value, and allowing for the correction of the human nutritional status. Based on this, we has been assessed the biochemical indicators of the varieties and hybrids of table pumpkin during to keeping as a perspectives raw material for the products of functional allocation in the Far East region. The research was carried out by the department of vegetable crops and potatoes of the Far Eastern Research Institute of Agriculture in the framework of the Far East program. Biochemical studies on pumpkin were carried out in the laboratory of agriculture of the Far Eastern Research Institute of Agriculture and in the laboratory of testing of the Center for Agrochemical Service “Khabarovsk” three times: 1 - before laying on to keeping; 2 - after 1.5 months of keeping; 3 - 1 month after the previous study. The results of studies showed that the varieties Nadezhda, Zimnyaya sladkay and Japanese hybrid Orange colon after 2.5 months of keeping, there was a decrease in some biochemical parameters. The varieties Vnuchka, Zhemchuzhina and a Japanese hybrid Sweet kob there is a tendency to increase almost all the quality indicators during the whole period of keeping. The content of dry matter, Vitamin C and potassium increases significantly. A favorable period for the processing of raw materials in the manufacture of the products of functional allocation is 1-2 months after harvesting for the Nadezhda variety and 1-4 months for the Vnuchka variety. Perspectives for the Far Eastern region in the manufacture of the products of functional allocation from foreign varieties are the Zimnyaya sladkay variety and the Japanese hybrid Orange colon.

Relevance A commonly cultivated and demanded type of vegetable crops – cabbage Brassica oleracea L. – in the process of evolution and domestication was divided into three clusters: leafy cabbage, headed cabbage and broccoli (cauliflower). According to modern data, cabbage originated in culture from the large-leaved forms of leafy cabbage. Portuguese tronchuda is a transitional form to a typical headed cabbage. It is represented by leafy and semi-capped forms and evolutionarily related to Portuguese halega (Galician) leafy cabbage. White cabbage (Brassica oleracea L. convar. capitata (DC.) Alef. var. capitata L. f. alba DC.) is the most significant in the world and Russian economy. The characteristic of cultures of Brassica oleracea L. (varieties of white cabbage and tronchuda) is given according to the most important biochemical quality characteristics. Methods The research material included 48 samples of cabbage, including 27 samples of 13 European cultivar types, including Dutch, Central European and South European cultivar types, 8 samples – two Russian northwestern and central Russian cultivar types and 13 samples – five oriental cultivar types of Caucasian and Turkish-Balkan origin, 9 samples – Portuguese cabbage tronchuda from the VIR collection, reflecting the ecological, geographic and genetic diversity of cabbage. Samples of cabbage were grown at the research and production base "Pushkin and Pavlovsk laboratories VIR" (St. Petersburg), biochemical analysis was carried out in the laboratory of biochemistry and molecular biology of VIR. Results As a result of using of the modern non-specific metabolic approach to the study of the biochemical composition in samples of white cabbage, about 100 components have been identified from the groups of organic acids, free amino acids, including essential, fatty acids, including essential, polyhydric alcohols, sugars, and also phenolic compounds, wax, nucleosides, and others. Regularity in the accumulation of nutrient and biologically active substances by cultures of Brassica oleracea L., by cultivar types and individual samples were revealed. As a result of our research using modern techniques, including the nonspecific metabolic approach, new data on the biochemical composition of white and semi-capped forms were obtained. The cabbage within the studied botanical varieties and groups of cultivar types has a complex biochemical composition that characterizes cabbage samples as samples with potentially high value (the role and importance of far from all compounds in the organization of healthy human nutrition is known), which confirms the need for in-depth control of the biochemical composition of plants when breeding new varieties. Samples with the optimal component composition for balanced human nutrition, which are proposed to be used in breeding for quality, including obtaining varieties for healthy (functional) and therapeutic and prophylactic nutrition of the population of theRussian Federation were found.

The modern technologies for production of high yield in vegetable crops in agroindustrial complexes provide the development of optimal conditions for plant nutrition including the application of microelements and biologically active substances (BAS). The study of productivity in tomato with application of microelements and biologically active substances were carried out in unstable moisturization in Stavropol region at the facilities of Educational and Experimental Station FSBEI HE Stavropol SAU in 2015-2016. The aim was to study productivity in tomato with application of microelements and biologically active substances on the basis of calculated norms of fertilizers. The objects of the study were tomato hybrid ‘Premium F1’, Agromix, and different BAS. Calculated dose of fertilizers on predicted tomato yield of 80 t/ha according to experimental protocol was N130Р150К170, where this norm was regarded as a control. Mineral fertilizers were added to basic fertilizer and included as extra feeding supplied through drip irrigation system. Agromix was applied as part of foliar dressing through drip irrigation, while BAS was used only as foliar dressing. The data on development of vegetative and generative plant organs, biochemical composition and yield characteristics of tomato fruit were analyzed. As a result of the study, it was shown that experimental tomato plants significantly differed from control ones not only by yield capacity and quality, but also the morphological characteristics. With application Agromix and BAS the area of leaf surface, stem diameter, degree of fruit formation, average fruit weight increased by 0.004-0.04 m2, 0.2-0.3 cm., 39%, and 8-16 g., per plant respectively. With application of N130Р150К170, Agromix, amino acids and epibrassinolide in different combinations, the dry matter content in fruit, sugar content, sugar and acid index and vitamin C content were increased as compared with control by 0.07-0.15%, 0.12-0.26%, 1.21.7 and 0.6-1.3 mg %, respectively, while nitrate content was decreased by 14.0-17.5 mg/kg. Application of microelements and BAS in the system of tomato plant nutrition increased tomato yield by 0.6-4.3 t/ha as compared with control variant. The highest yield was obtained in the experiment with combined application of N130Р150К170, Agromix, amino acids and epibrassinolide in plant feeding system. As a result of study, it was shown that highest productivity in tomato was obtained with combined feeding with microelements and BAS on the basis calculated norms of fertilizers.

The description of a new determinant tomato variety for open field and greenhouse film with the original small dense fruit, keeping quite well its marketable qualities within 15-20 days after harvest in milk maturity phase is given. The fruits are rounded with sharp elongated spout. Fruits are good for fresh consumption, canning and pickling. Recommended for baby food and food for people with problems of the digestive system.

Data of presented varieties and distribution of estragon crop are described. Morphological characteristics, biochemical composition, health giving qualities, and nutrition value are presented. The problems of seed multiplication, growing, yield, and harvest of this crop are discussed.

Introduction. The relevance of the work is due to the need to find ways to preserve the nutrient composition of vitamins and other necessary raw materials to create finished food products that can diversify the diet of astronauts, taking into account their habitat.   Goal – Comparison of methods for dehydrating plant materials and creating finished food products with a certain degree of dehydration, recommended for feeding astronauts. These methods were used to produce so-called “frips” from fresh fruits and berries; this is a type of snack that is also widely used and developed in modern industry.   Objects and methods of research. The objects of the study were several types of fruits and berries of various varieties (minimum 2) during dehydration by several types of drying.   Results. Dehydration using the LTVD (low temperature vacuum drying) method makes it possible to obtain finished products with a given final moisture content, and the product can be made from multi-component raw materials. The duration of the dehydration process using the LTVD method compared to the VFD (vacuum freeze drying) method is reduced by approximately 10-20 % depending on the product, while due to the absence of preliminary freezing, the specific energy costs for drying a food object can presumably be reduced by 15-25 %. Quality indicators of the finished dry product The product dried using the presented methods is comparable, the content of vitamins and microelements is at almost the same level, therefore, when choosing the type of drying, we can recommend the LTVD method as less energy-consuming. The yield of marketable products in the production of frips ranges from 15.0 to 19.5 % by weight of the initial raw materials, which meets the requirements for economic efficiency of production.