Over the years, breeders around the world have made significant changes to the architecture of plants of vegetable pea varieties. The changes made were aimed at increasing, first of all, the yield. New varieties should have an optimal combination of plant height, the number of productive nodes and increased resistance to lodging. Having achieved certain results, breeders find ways to improve the culture, further improving its economically valuable features. The article highlights the priority directions in the selection of vegetable peas in the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution «Federal Scientific Vegetable Center»(FSBSI FSVC), which are directly related to modern market requirements, and considers the specific factors encountered in breeding work, in the production sector and seed practice. Within the framework of import substitution and the achievement of food security of the country, the scientists of the center are intensively working to create new generation varieties: highly productive (by increasing the number of beans at the node and the number of seeds in the bean), suitable for mechanized harvesting (by obtaining appropriate morphotypes with increased stem strength or modified leaf shape) and with high quality indicators of green peas. There is also a constant selection for resistance to abiotic and biotic environmental factors that have been changing in recent years, both in the country and around the world. The article presents the main achievements obtained thanks to the experience and knowledge of the leading breeders of the center, specialists in seed production and production, as well as specialists in the field of plant immunity. Thus, selectively valuable forms with high productivity (up to 30 beans and more than 150 seeds per plant) were obtained, a variety with high resistance to lodging due to the strength of the stem was obtained. Work is underway to create varieties with high quality green peas and resistant to biotic and abiotic stresses.

Обеспечение населения доступным безопасным продовольствием приобретает все большую актуальность в связи с ростом населения планеты, обострением социально-экономических отношений между государствами, увеличением количества экологических проблем и замещением натуральных органических продуктов питания снеками, продуктами, содержащими искусственные компоненты и ГМО, функциональными продуктами питания.В статье рассмотрены вопросы планирования мероприятий региональных властей по обеспечению населения основными видами продовольствия, расчет потребности которого составлен в соответствии с рациональными нормами потребления пищевых продуктов, отвечающих современным требованиям здорового питания.На основе линейного программирования составлена модель прогнозного обеспечения населения основными видами продуктов питания на период 2018-2020 годов. Данные по составленной модели могут быть пролонгированы и откорректированы при получении статистических показателей 2016, 2017 годов и уточнении планового количества численности населения в рассматриваемом периоде.В результате исследования получены прогнозные значения необходимого объема продовольствия для населения Иркутской области. Предложены базовые компоненты механизма взаимодействия всех заинтересованных субъектов продовольственного рынка и комплекс условий для осуществления перспективных направлений механизма формирования и реализации продовольственной политики в соответствии с заявленными целями.Социальная эффективность при достижении предложенных в работе результативных показателей будет определяться увеличением продолжительности жизни населения, снижением заболеваемости, повышением качества жизни у страдающих от заболеваний, связанных с нерациональным питанием, и отношением полученных благоприятных социальных результатов к затратам для их достижения. При этом экономическая эффективность выразится оценкой влияния достигнутых в рамках реализации программных мероприятий результатов на формирование валового продукта, повышение производительности труда и обеспечение динамики экономического роста. Providing the population with affordable safe food is becoming increasingly important due to the growing population of the planet, the aggravation of socio-economic relations between states, the increase in the number of environmental problems and the replacement of natural organic food with snacks, products containing artificial components and GMOs, and functional foods.The article discusses the planning of measures taken by the regional authorities to provide the population with basic types of food, the calculation of the needs of which is compiled in accordance with rational norms for the consumption of food products that meet modern requirements for healthy nutrition.On the basis of linear programming, a model of predictive provision of the population with basic types of food products for the period 2018-2020 was compiled. The data on the compiled model can be prolonged and corrected when the statistical indicators of 2016, 2017 are obtained and the planned number of population in the period under review is specified.As a result of the study, the forecasted values of the required volume of food for the population of the Irkutsk region were obtained. The basic components of the mechanism of interaction of all interested subjects of the food market and a set of conditions for the implementation of promising directions of the mechanism for the formation and implementation of food policy in accordance with the stated goals are proposed.Social effectiveness in achieving the performance indicators proposed in the work will be determined by increasing the life expectancy of the population, reducing morbidity, improving the quality of life of those suffering from diseases associated with unsustainable nutrition, and the ratio of the resulting favorable social results to the costs to achieve them, while economic efficiency will be expressed by an estimate The impact of the results achieved in the implementation of program activities on the formation of the gross product, and Vyshen productivity and ensuring the dynamics of economic growth.

Relevance. Garlic is one of the most popular agricultural crops characterized by high nutritional value and unique chemical composition providing significant beneficial effect on human health.Methods. The review summarizes the most significant publications on garlic biochemical composition, utilization in medicine, human nutrition and agriculture for a period from 1988 to 2024 with the predominant utilization of Scopus and WoS publications.Results. The diversity of garlic processing products (fresh, dry powder, ‘Green' garlic, Laba garlic, garlic essential oil macerate, ethanolic extract (‘aged garlic extract' AGE) and black garlic) provides the diversity of biochemical composition and the direction of biological effect. The possibility to utilize both garlic bulbs, leaves, stems and peel in medicine and agriculture (for yield and stress resistance improvement) are the most important factors for successful waste free production and wide utilization of garlic.

Providing the population with affordable safe food is becoming increasingly important due to the growing population of the planet, the aggravation of socio-economic relations between states, the increase in the number of environmental problems and the replacement of natural organic food with snacks, products containing artificial components and GMOs, and functional foods. The article discusses the planning of measures taken by the regional authorities to provide the population with basic types of food, the calculation of the needs of which is compiled in accordance with rational norms for the consumption of food products that meet modern requirements for healthy nutrition. On the basis of linear programming, a model of predictive provision of the population with basic types of food products for the period 2018-2020 was compiled. The data on the compiled model can be prolonged and corrected when the statistical indicators of 2016, 2017 are obtained and the planned number of population in the period under review is specified. As a result of the study, the forecasted values of the required volume of food for the population of the Irkutsk region were obtained. The basic components of the mechanism of interaction of all interested subjects of the food market and a set of conditions for the implementation of promising directions of the mechanism for the formation and implementation of food policy in accordance with the stated goals are proposed. Social effectiveness in achieving the performance indicators proposed in the work will be determined by increasing the life expectancy of the population, reducing morbidity, improving the quality of life of those suffering from diseases associated with unsustainable nutrition, and the ratio of the resulting favorable social results to the costs to achieve them, while economic efficiency will be expressed by an estimate The impact of the results achieved in the implementation of program activities on the formation of the gross product, and Vyshen productivity and ensuring the dynamics of economic growth.