Garlic is one of the most ancient plants which the person turned to himself on advantage. The larger need for production of garlic for consumption and as raw materials for manufacture of medicinal preparations and, at last, just for use by the population as remedy for many diseases and for the preventive purposes led to the fact that bulk production of garlic in the world makes 24,836 million tons, and the area under garlic reached 1,465 million hectares. n Russia the area under garlic on all categories of farms is 28,4 thousand hectares, and production – 256,406 thousand tons. From factors influencing on the increase production of garlic, one of basic is a sort. Selection of garlic includes improvement of local grades, creation new high-yield, steady against diseases and to wreckers of grades, with the increased content of sugars, essential oils and biologically the active materials. Results of long-term researches by laboratory selection of onions cultures (VNIISSOK) on studying, assessment and selection exemplars grades of garlic winter, collected from different regions of Russia and the CIS countries, on a complex of signs are presented in article (winter hardiness, efficiency, to quality of production, resistance to wreckers and diseases).

The results of the research work carried out during the period 2015-2017 are outlined. on the practical selection of pumpkin in the conditions of the Volgograd Transvolga. The results of studying the assortment of pumpkin varieties of domestic and foreign breeding in collection nurseries are presented. The most promising samples adapted to local soil and climatic conditions have high productivity (Sviteny, Chino, Marina di Chioggia, Silber Bell (USA), Kham (Laos), image (Spain), Local (Kazakhstan), Gribovskaya winter, Teshchenka , Zucchini Malchugan, and the quality of the fruit: (Chino, Chirimen nankin (Japan), Cachi JNTA (Argentina), Mantova Uyghur (Kazakhstan), Duchess, Vega F1, Sweetie, Pampushka, Green Warted Habbard (USA). A new hybrid material was obtained, an estimation of its productivity of consumer achestv, stability to bio- and abiotic factors. accessions selected promising superior standards major ecological and morphological and economically valuable traits. The characteristics of the best selected hybrid combinations are given in comparison with the standards. The most productive are hybrid combinations: Marina di Chioggia x Zorka, Zorka x Sweet banana, Silber Bell x Elegant, Sweet x Elegant, Local (Kirghizia) x Zorka, zucchini Mountain Anchor. The yield of these samples exceeds the standards by 13.3-92.2%. The quality of the fruit is distinguished by the hybrids: Marina di Chioggia x Zorka, Zorka x Marina di Chioggia, Pampushka x Elegant, Zorka x Sweet banana, Silber Bell x Elegant, Zaslavia x POOS6-07, Zorka x Oreshek, Altair x Elegant. The content of dry substances in the fruits of these samples is 2.0-8.8% higher than the standards.

Research work was carried out in the State University "Transnistrian Research Institute of agriculture" in film greenhouses (spring-summer and summer turnover) and in the open field on the trellis. The aim of the work is to study the source material and create promising lines of cucumber with high parthenocarpic ability, yield and resistance to downy mildew to obtain on their basis heterosis hybrids of cucumber of universal type for various crop rotations. To achieve this goal in 2013-2017 the following tasks were identified: to study the collection samples and to identify the most resistant to downy mildew; to evaluate the source material and select the stable forms; to study the combinational ability of the main features and properties of the parent forms of cucumber hybrids (parthenocarpy, yield, disease resistance); to study the variability and inheritance of the main useful features and properties; to test promising cucumber hybrids for economically valuable traits and properties. The standards were hybrids Enthusiasm (selection RF) and Claudia (Dutch selection). In order to create a source material of parthenocarpic hybrids of cucumber resistant to peronosporosis, 20 samples of breeding material from different countries of origin were studied in the closed and open ground. Four maternal and six paternal forms, as well as eighteen large-humped hybrid combinations were evaluated by the topcross method according to the complex of economically valuable traits and properties. And full diallele the scheme of the seven lines and forty-two tuberculate hybrid combinations. The regularities of variability and signs manifestation in the first generation of hybrids are studied. Given information about the inheritance of the trait of resistance to downy mildew is a promising parthenocarpic hybrid combinations of cucumber created in the Transnistrian agricultural research Institute. Highlighted is sixty-six hybrid combinations of cucumber. Three samples that showed high resistance to downy mildew, was submitted to the State varietal Inspectorate of the Republic of Moldova and Transnistria under the name Condor, Orlan and Shegol.

In recent years, the demand for food has sharply increased in functional ingredients, especially in pectin. At present, there is no production of pectin substances in the Russian Federation, and the demand for them is satisfied, mainly due to the use of imported pectin. At the same time, the country has prerequisites for its own production of pectin from non-traditional types of raw materials, for example, bark of coniferous trees, which in the form of waste is produced in large quantities when processing wood in the timber, woodworking and pulp and paper industries, and goes to incineration, although its can be used to obtain such a valuable substance as pectin. The article considers the possibility of using pectins from the bark of coniferous trees in the production of fruit and vegetable nectars with pulp as a biological additive that improves the consistency of the product. To confirm this, VNII researchers of conservation technology conducted studies to test pectin from the bark of spruce and larch on their structure-forming ability. For this purpose, experimental samples of fruit and vegetable nectars with pulp were made: apricot, quince, cherry, redcod, plum and carrot, obtained on the basis of fruit and vegetable purees, as well as the calculated amount of sugar syrup with a certain concentration, with the addition of pectin from the spruce bark and larch, and for comparison samples with the addition of ordinary apple pectin. Pectin was added as a 10% solution in an amount of 9.0% of the total weight of nectar (in terms of dry pectin – 0.9%), which allowed to provide a homogeneous, non-dissolving consistency of nectars.

Amaranth leaves can be used in salads, soups, sauces enriching them with biologically active substances (in particular, ascorbic acid and phenolic compounds), as well as giving them an original taste and color. Plants were grown on the experimental field of VNIISSOK in the Moscow region. The experiment was laid on sod-podzolic soil. For the period of 2013-2016 years, biochemical parameters were investigated: total content of water-soluble antioxidants, ascorbic acid content, dry matter content, amarantine content in three amaranth varieties (Valentina, Don Pedro and Fakel) and two green leaf varieties (Pamyati Kovasa and Eku 17020) of FSBSI FSVC (formerly VNIISSOK) and INIAP selection and a correlation analysis was performed, which showed a relationship between the relative concentration of amarantine in the leaves and other biochemical parameters at different stages of plant development. The maximum accumulators of antioxidants according to the TAC parameter were the Valentina and Don Pedro varieties - up to 2.9 mg gallic acid equivalents/g. The situation was similar in terms of the content of the reduced form of ascorbic acid. So also the Valentina and Don Pedro varieties were leading with values of about 140 mg%. A positive correlation between the content of ascorbic acid and the sum of hydrophilic antioxidants was confirmed. Pamyati Kovasa and Eku 17020 varieties can be recommended as a source of green mass of leaves with a high content of ascorbic acid, red colored varieties Don Pedro, Valentina, Fakel – for obtaining red dye enriched with antioxidants.

Seed production of cabbage in recent years is achieved via primarily by nonstop technology. However, the production of cabbage seeds in the Southern regions is associated with certain problems, in particular, the malicious activity of phytophages, are able in the years of outbreaks completely destroy the crop. One of the most dangerous species of today are baridi. Development a strategy for the protection of cabbage seed shoots is important the knowledge of species composition and bioecological peculiarities of development of the pathogen. Complex biology (the focus of unwanted phases in the underground part of the stump), the lack of registered insecticides and distribution of certain phenological phases of development of seed cabbage (flowering) makes it almost impossible to limit its population. For localisation of the pest in the adult stage requires knowledge of species composition and phenology of development in a particular ecological zone. Long-term studies were conducted on the species identification of the community of Baris in Dagestan. Identified 22 species, among which the most popular were bared turnip: Baris coerulescens Scop. (71.6% of the total population), subdominant - timida V. Rossi (6.1%), all other types were found in approximately equal quantities. On the basis of the drawings and the corresponding biometric measurements were supplemented with the morphological description of the most common type of Baris coerulescens Scop. By measuring the head capsule width was determined to be 4 larval age. The dependence of mass outbreaks of Baris coerulescens Scop of the figure hydrothermal coefficient. The implementation of the mass distribution of the phytophage takes place 2 years after seasons at hydrothermal coefficient = 0.5. When a relative measure of hydrothermal coefficient was ≥ 1,the density of the pest does not exceed a threshold.

Actual problem in breeding onion (Allium cepa. L) is the identification of cytoplasm type in varieties and F1 hybrids. To create a parent sterile fixing line, is required a cytoplasm of type N. However, heterozygous F1 hybrids and new onion varieties obtained from subsequent generations from F1 fertility hybrids that possess economically valuable traits and meet market requirements are not suitable for creating a sterile fixing line from them, because all hybrid plants has 100% S-cytoplasm or T-cytoplasm type. In order to determine the most desirable parent component with subsequent use in the selection process, the Laboratory of Selection and Seed Production of Onion Cultures of the Gavrish company conducted a phenotypic and molecular analysis of collection samples of onions for the feature of male sterility. The material for research was grown according to the generally accepted technologies for the zone in the city of Krymsk, Krasnodar Territory. Phenotypic analysis of the manifestation of the "male sterility" feature was carried out with the help of visual analysis. As a result of the work, were identified varieties and F1 hybrids that can be used as genetic sources for the creation of new sterile lines and lines of sterility fixers, as well as samples to be used as pollinators. In the future, these lines will be used to create heterotic F1 hybrids with high indicators of economic characteristics with given properties.

The article describes the main aspects of regulating the import of vegetables to Russia, the statistical data allow to make conclusion about the current state of the import substitution of vegetable products, the examples allow to assess the economic and political situation in Russia and in countries directly related to trade and other relations with Russia. Also partially affected the overall situation of export of vegetable products, perspectives and possible problems in this direction. Presents issues to consider allow closer approach to the solution of the main strategic problems of the country – the full import substitution of Russian product. The problem in this area is impossible to solve. Russian manufacturers that make quality products that do not have sufficient capacity to provide the whole of Russia. In addition, the Russian agricultural sector has a serious dependence on foreign high-tech solutions. Thus, measures of tariff and non-tariff regulation is required to affect the import of vegetables.

Lettuce is very popular in the Russian consumer market. Special conditions for its cultivation determine the need to select modern, inexpensive elements of agro-technology that promote high yields. At present biochar (bio-coal) is considered as a promising organic fertilizer. Its main difference lies in the possibility of using any organic raw material in its production. In Russia, the study on the use of biochar is limited; there is no practice of applying it in the complex of agricultural techniques of various agricultural crops. In the conditions of vegetative experiment, the influence of various doses of biochar in ordinary chernozem on the growth and development of lettuce (Lactuca sativa) cultivar was studied in accordance with the developed experiment scheme: control (without biochar), supplemented with 1, 2 and 5 % of biochar. In the experiment, biochar obtained from birch wood was used, by pyrolysis method in fraction of 0.5-5mm. The following observations and determinations were made: the timing of the onset of the phases of plant development, the length of the roots, the number of leaves, the length of the largest leaf, the height of plants, the diameter of the rosette, the mass of 10 plants. The use of biochar contributed to a reduction of beginning period technical ripeness in plants, particularly in variant with the addition of 2%. The increase in root length, the number of leaves of lettuce plants as compared with to control in variants with 2 and 5% of biocar has been observed. The length of the largest leaf, the height of plants and the diameter of the rosette of lettuce are characterized by a significant improvement, even in variant with 1%. Productivity of lettuce was highest in the variant with 2% of biochar applied to the soil.

Breeding work on cucumber culture is conducted in many scientific research institutions and selection and seed-growing firms. The priority direction in the breeding of cucumber in the Far Eastern Research Institute of Agriculture is the creation of bee-dusted varieties for open ground, adapted to local conditions with a sharply variable hydrothermal regime and a high natural infectious background, where the most dangerous of cucumber diseases are downy mildew (peronosporosis) and angular spotting of the leafs (bacteriosis). The breeding and introduction of disease-resistant varieties and hybrids in to practice is the most effective and cheapest method of combating plant diseases, as it is the only way you can get guaranteed yields. A new variety of cucumber Naslednik was obtained as a result of testing promising cucumber varieties at the Far Eastern Research Institute of Agriculture and was handed over in 2016 in the State Variety Test. The variety is medium-ripening, bee-dusted. The fruiting occurs 44-47 days after the emergence of mass shoots. The green fruits are elongate-ovoid form 10-12 cm long, 3.5-4.0 cm in diameter and with a fruit weight of 100-120 g. The average total yield of the fruit is 38.9 t/ha, the marketable – to 31.6 t/ha, respectively to the standard (variety Mig) obtained 35.1 t / ha and 27.4 t/ha. The most valuable qualities of the new variety are resistance to peronosporosis and bacteriosis, a high yield of marketable fruits (80-82%), slowly turning brow fruits.