The main stages of development of research on cucumber breeding during more than 70 years in the Institute, and, in particular, in the laboratory of breeding are described.

The possible ways of development of seed production of pea in Russia and increasing of competitive growth of domestic pea varieties suitable for processing industry are represented in the article.

The article outlines the direction of breeding of cabbage for the south of Russia, taking into account the climatic characteristics of the region. The breeding achievements are presented: F1 hybrids of different time of ripening, promising inbred lines with high combining ability. An effective method of seed production of F1 hybrids is proposed.

A workshop devoted to «Problems of bacterial  and viral plant diseases  in agriculture and development of integrated  plant protection» was held at April; 24th 2013 at Russian University of People's  Friendship.

The results of seed production of squash cv. Yakor are  given. The agronomic valuable traits; seed  productivity and economic efficiency of squash  seeds  in conditions of peasant  farm economy / enterprise were studied.

The current state of vegetable production in Russia is discussed in the article. Comparative assessment of the dynamics of vegetable production in the agricultural organizations, farms and private farms since 2008 has been conducted. The contribution of these organizations in the bulk yield of vegetable crops on an annual basis in each regions is presented. The private farms produce up to 80% of the bulk yield of vegetables. Such rearrangement of production has negatives and benefits. This production is low-gain and oriented toward to domestic consumption. In 2012 and 2013, the production of vegetable crops was almost equal and accounted more than 14 million tons.

Data on the time of origin and habitat of chufa nut is presented in the article. Brief description, biological particularities, nutrition value, and agricultural technology of this crop in condition of central Russia are described. The possibility of growing the chufa nut were shown in the experiment conducted in the VNIISSOK. The average yield of root nodules in condition of greenhouse was 1.8-2.2 kg/m2.

The analysis of some methods  of pre6treatment of tomato seeds is given. The results of influence of laser irradiation on seeds germination and vigor are described. The positive effect of pre6sowing treatment  on tomato yield at cultivation in the open  ground  in condition  of the Low Amur was noticed.

Development of F1 hybrids of tomato for open ground at the moment is one of the main tasks.  It can be solved  only if there are parent forms with valuable features  and properties.  As a result of three years of research  of tomato hybrid combinations and parental lines in the open field in the non6chernozem zone; the heterosis on major economic traits has been revealed. The character  of inheritance of studied traits and the degree of dominance have been determined. The groups of hybrid combinations  with high heterosis  effect and parental lines that contribute to this effect were identified.

On an experimental basis of the Scientific Center of vegetable, melon and industrial crops (Republic of Armenia) 20 accessions of the world germplasm of Capsicum annuum L. (sweet pepper, chili) provided by the World Vegetable Center (AVRDC) have been studied. The accessions resistant to such diseases as verticillium wilt (Verticillium albo-atrum Reincke), bacterial wilt (Ralstonia solanacearum (= Pseudomonas solanacearum), tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) and cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), blossom end rot of fruit, and tip-burn have been selected. These genotypes of chili and sweet pepper are the promising initial material in breeding for resistance to common diseases. In collaboration with other breeders, five varieties of peppers were developed and released: sweet pepper cultivars Natalie, Emily, Miles, and chili cultivars Zita and Gita.