Background: Mammary tumors are common in dogs and cats. They are models for investigating carcinogenesis and designing treatment protocols that benefit human beings. Senescence, sex, and reproductive status affect the development of such neoplasms. Objectives: In Iran’s absence of a national animal tumor registry, the present study determined clinicopathological and epidemiological aspects of canine and feline mammary tumors in referral cases of four veterinary practices across Tehran from 2020 to 2022. Here, the incidence and types of canine and feline mammary tumors are described, in addition to sex, reproductive status, age, breed, the affected mammary gland(s), grades, lymphatic invasion, and lymph node metastases.Methods: All canine and feline patients with masses in the mammary gland region were considered in this study. The resected tumors and occasional lymph nodes were macroscopically scrutinized. Hematoxylin-Eosin slides were reviewed by light microscopy and immunohistochemistry was utilized when necessary. Results: Of the 76 dogs and eight cats, 100% were females, and the majority were intact. Most patients were 10-11 years old. Purebreds were the most frequent referrals. In some patients, more than one mammary gland had developed neoplasm, i.e. 141 affected glands in 76 bitches and nine affected glands in eight queens. Tumors were presented in both chains and even on the ventral midline, with an increased preponderance of caudally located glands. Thus, the caudal-most glands, i.e. inguinal and caudal abdominal glands, constituted 31.2% and 66.7% of the affected glands in bitches and queens, respectively. Intraductal papillary carcinoma (17%) and complex carcinoma (16.3%) had the highest incidence in dogs. The most commonly observed lesions in cats were lobular hyperplasia with atypia, and duct ectasia, each encompassing 22.3% of the affected glands. Most canine neoplasms were grade I (90.3%), while grade II neoplasms had the highest incidence in cats (50%). Lymphatic invasion and lymph node metastases were seen in canine anaplastic carcinoma, solid carcinoma, and complex carcinoma, as well as feline comedocarcinoma and tubular carcinoma. Conclusion: The risk of developing malignant tumors increases as the individual ages, and generally, caudally located mammary glands in intact purebred females are at increased risk. Moreover, anaplastic carcinomas must be precisely examined, both clinically and histopathologically, for lymph node metastases.

Background: Parturition depression is an important physiological problem, and several attempts have been made to ascertain this physiological phenomenon. Natural monoterpenes like α-pinene have numerous beneficial properties, but no studies have been done on their antidepressant potential in postpartum animals.Objectives: This study aimed to determine the effects of prenatal administration of α-pinene on the antidepressant-like behavior of mice following delivery. Methods: Pregnant female mice were randomly assigned into four groups. In the control group, the animals were injected with saline on their 5, 8, 11, 14, and 17 gestation days (GD). In groups 2 to 4, pregnant female mice were injected with α-pinene (0.1, 0.5, and 1 mg/kg, respectively) at GD 5, 8, 11, 14, and 17. On day 2 postpartum, open field test (OFT), rotarod, forced swimming test (FST), and tail suspension test (TST) were used to evaluate the antidepressant activity of α-pinene in mice. Also, serum samples were taken to determine the antioxidant activity.Results: According to the results, α-pinene (0.5 and 1 mg/kg) significantly increased activity in OFT and staying on the rotarod (P≤0.05). Also, α-pinene (0.5 and 1 mg/kg) diminished immobility time (s) in TST and FST on postpartum mice (P≤0.05). α-pinene (0.5 and 1 mg/kg) decreased malondialdehyde while increased glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, and total antioxidant status levels in postpartum mice as compared with the control group (P≤0.05).Conclusion: It seems that prenatal administration of the α-pinene can alleviate postpartum depression via its antioxidant property in mice.

Background: The pure-bred Barb horse is a beloved breed from the Great Maghreb. Despite the breed’s prominence in Algeria, no gestational hematological or biochemical research has been done on this breed.Objectives: This study aimed to compare the hematological and biochemical parameters of pregnant and non-pregnant Barb mares in the first, second, and third trimesters of pregnancy.Methods: From 12 pregnant and 6 non-pregnant mares, 102 venous blood samples were taken, and their glucose (Glu), cholesterol (Cho), triglycerides (TG), total protein (TP), urea (Urea), Aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), iron (Fer), calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), and ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) were assessed as biochemical variables. Also, red blood cells, hemoglobin, hematocrit, mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, white blood cells, and platelets were all measured as hematological variables.Results: The levels of ALP, ALT, GGT, and P decreased significantly throughout gestation, while Ca, TG, Fe, and Glu levels increased. AST concentrations decreased in the second and third trimesters, whereas Cho levels increased in the first and second trimesters. Urea levels increased significantly in the third trimester, and FRAP showed significant differences at different stages of pregnancy. Mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration was significantly lower in the first and second trimesters, and hemoglobin values were significantly lower in the second trimester. The mean value of white blood cell count was slightly higher in late pregnancy, while platelet values significantly increased throughout all trimesters.Conclusion: The study provides valuable information on the changes in hematological and biochemical parameters during pregnancy in Barb mares. These findings can be used as a reference for future studies on the reproductive physiology of this breed.

Background: Cell therapy is applied in tendonitis to speed the healing process of tendon tissue and restore its functional properties. Almost all types of stem cells can differentiate from the recipient cells after transplantation.Objectives: The main goal of this study is to compare the effects of two sources of mesenchymal stem cells on tendon regeneration.Methods: This study randomly divided 32 New Zealand rabbits into 4 groups. The bacterial collagenase was induced at the superficial digital flexor tendon (SDFT) of all rabbits, and the treatment was performed 48 hours after collagenase induction. Group 1 was treated with allogeneic bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs). Group 2 was treated with adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) from the patellar ligament fat pad. Group 3 (sham group) was treated with 0.9% normal saline, and group 4 (control group) was left with no treatment. All rabbits were euthanized 2 and 4 weeks after surgery, and tendon samples were harvested. The histopathology was assessed by hematoxylin-eosin, Masson’s trichrome, and Vangieson’s dye, and tendon structure, fiber arrangement, cell nuclei, tissue inflammation, vascularity (angiogenesis), and density were surveyed.Results: The tendon healing process in the BMMSC and ADSC groups revealed better regeneration than the control and sham groups (P≤0.05). Significant changes (P≤0.05) in some microscopic parameters were seen by comparing the BMMSC and ADSC groups.Conclusion: According to the present study, the injection of mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs or ADSCs) showed beneficial results in tendon tissue healing. Furthermore, ADSCs showed better regeneration of the injured tendon tissue than BMMSCs.