Cars have become an integral part of human civilization today. In developed countries, it is not only regarded as the main form of transportation, but also as a basic component of daily life. In spite of the rapid progress in motorization at the beginning of the 21st century, its apparent optimism brought tangible negative consequences as well. The study indicates that due to the sharp increase in the number of vehicles, loads on Yerevan, s roads have increased. The efficiency of transport use has decreased, whereas accidents, traffic jams and kneading have became more frequent. In 3-4 years, a transport collapse is inevitable if appropriate measures are not taken. To improve the traffic management, it is necessary to develop a strategy and implement a set of measures to improve the road network, especially road traffic, by using modern technologies, since expanding the road network is expensive, laborintensive, and not always possible.

Brucellosis is endemic in Armenia. Test slaughtering is used to fight Brucellosis in large and small ruminants. Cross-contamination among the various types of animals with various types of causative agents may contribute to the permanent existence of the epizootic chain. A study is being conducted to determine whether brucellosis is present among stray dogs in Yerevan (Capital of RA). The Rose Bengal test (RBT), serum agglutination test (SAT), and indirect and competitive ELISA tests were performed on 384 blood samples from stray dogs in Yerevan. The competitive ELISA detects only specific antibodies against B. abortus, B. melitensis, and B. suis and differentiates the Brucella 19 strain. According to the diagnostic algorithm for final diagnosis, positive samples by RBT must be confirmed by two other tests. Out of 384 samples tested by RBT, 17 (4.4 %) were positive. Out of 384 samples, 11 (2.9 %) were positive by SAT, 9 samples (2.3 %) tested positive by indirect ELISA, and 16 samples (4.2 %) tested positive by competitive ELISA. We have shown the presence of Brucella spp. among stray dogs in Yerevan. It is necessary to implement additional studies among dog (particularly shepherd dogs) populations in marzes with a higher prevalence of Brucellosis. These additional results will provide an opportunity to evaluate the role of dogs in ensuring a stable epizootic chain of Brucellosis among agricultural animals. They will contribute to a strategy design for preventing the spread of disease.

The study aimed to assess 58 veterinary laboratory specialists' knowledge, attitudes, and practices concerning brucellosis across all regional (Marz) and central laboratories (Reference Laboratory for Especially Dangerous Pathogens). The survey was developed to assess the knowledge of lab specialists and identify gaps in laboratory activities that may have an impact on test results. Questions covered the following topics: a) disease epidemiology, b) sample conditions, c) biosafety and biosecurity, and d) laboratory tests, requirements, and indicators. According to the results, 45 % of respondents are 51 years old or older, most (26 respondents/45 %) have six to ten years of laboratory experience, and 20 respondents (35 %) have 21 years and more experience. Eleven people (19 %) had not received professional training. At the same time, 90 % and more correct answers were given by respondents who had passed training during the last year. In the last year, a person took training but did not answer 90% of the questions correctly. Most part (86 %) of respondents were not familiar with lab test indicators (sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, etc.) and 46 (79 %) were unaware of screening and confirmation tests requirements. Only 55 % (32 people) knew that one serological test was insufficient to make a final diagnosis, but 24 (75 %) of those respondents could not justify that. This study shows that it is necessary to review the current mechanisms for the preparation of laboratory specialists. This will indirectly impact an accurate assessment of the epidemiological situation of brucellosis in Armenia.

Using research findings, it was determined that each strain exhibits distinct morphological, biochemical, and tinctorial attributes that are intrinsic to its particular classification. Remarkably, the API test proficiently categorized the subtypes of these strains, achieving an exceptional precision rate of up to 99.8 %. The following strains of microbes have been isolated during this study: E. coli, Salmonella Typhimurium, Staphylococcus spp., and Proteus mirabilis. The results of analyses conducted through the discօ diffusion technique reveal a diverse spectrum of antibiotic resistance profiles among the multiple strains isolated from poultry, encompassing 28 antibiotics originating from Italy. The acquired data are of significant scientific and pragmatic value. This underlines the need for specific emphasis on strains manifesting pathogenic traits, particularly those demonstrating multidrug resistance involving three or more distinct antibiotics. The importance of understanding and managing antibiotic resistance in avian microbial populations is underscored by this imperative.

In recent years, in Armenia, meat has become more important than other food-producing directions of sheep breeding, which is due not only to lower costs and the demand for the domestic market but also to the export of many sheep from the republic. Consequently, foreign breeds of mutton, such as Dorper, Hisar, Romanov, Blanch Central Massif, etc., began to be imported and bred in Armenia due to their profitability. On October 20, 2021, Blanche sheep from the Central Massif was imported to the Balahovit ANAU experimental farm. A sheep was mated with a female weighing 80 % of the live weight of an adult queen, about 45-50 kg, and a male weighing 80-85 kg. There was an average or above-average fat level in the animals. Live weight, the amount of feed needed, the level of feed intake, the ability to adapt to weather conditions and reproductive performance were studied. Methods used in animal husbandry were used in the studies. When the animals were moved, they lost about 2.6 % of their weight during the initial period. However, it was restored within a short time. Females gained 365 g in March 2022, and males gained 450 g, which is an excellent indicator. A kilogram of weight gain costs 5.15 EFU. The pregnancy rate was 136 %, and the inter-calving period was 271-320 days, which made it possible to provide three births in two years.

Our research aimed to create a novel lactose-free sour milk product. This would be attractive for local producers and give new possibilities for the development of the dairy industry. The new product consists of two ingredients: yogurt and ricotta. Lactose-free yogurt technology has been developed for the first component production.Yogurt with 3 different curds has been produced and subjected to physicochemical and organoleptic testing. Bacterial culture consisting of Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. Bulgaricus and Streptococcus thermophilus were added in quantities of 100 units per 250 liters milk. The dose of lactase enzyme has been determined to decrease lactose content to 0.01 %:0.48 ml/l Ha-Lactase 5200 NLU. Technological parameters have been developed to ensure higher yield and faster protein separation for ricotta production. Three samples with different proportions (yogurt/ricotta) have been produced to obtain a product with a pleasant taste, aroma, and homogeneity for consumers. As a result of the organoleptic examination of the obtained samples, the optimal ratio has been defined as 90:10. Buckthorn puree was used as a natural additive. The food recipe has been developed, energy value and cost value have been calculated, and the titratable acidity of the food has been investigated.

Food security of the population is one of the main challenges of the 21st century, which, due to the events of recent years (Artsakh war, pandemic, Russian-Ukrainian conflict, sanctions, export restrictions) and their consequences, has become more acute. The stability of the grain sector in the country is of particular importance from the point of view of improving the food security in Armenia. Based on the study of international practice of state support for agricultural production, the results of analysis on the effectiveness of the state support tools traditionally used in different countries, as well as evaluating the state support for the development of grain production in RA, we have developed a model of state regulation of grain production, where the application of a number of realistic methods and measures is emphasized. The results of the studies document that, despite the government’s efforts to expand grain production, the grain sown areas are decreasing year by year, yield growth is not ensured, and the total growth is decreasing. Studying the international experience of state support for agricultural production, analyzing the results of the effectiveness of the state support tools traditionally used in different countries, as well as evaluating the state support for the development of grain production in RA for 2010-2021, we propose to revise the state regulation tools. In particular, to create a grain commission, form a guarantee and collateral price institute, set grain production and distribution quantities, strengthen contractual relations, form a commodity credit company and a grain price stabilization fund, apply commodity intervention, as well as promote economy-infrastructure intervention. We believe that the mentioned fundamental measures will contribute to the prospective development of grain production, ensure realistic results in the medium term, strengthen the cooperation between the state, production and science, as well as increase the self-sufficiency level of grain and, most importantly, will contribute to ensuring the food security of the Republic of Armenia.

In recent years, urban green plantings have been significantly reduced in Yerevan; at the same time, due to geoplastic changes, scattered landscapes and rock walls have appeared, which significantly spoil the beautiful appearance of the capital. Therefore, there is a need to implement vertical landscaping. For vertical greening in residential areas, woody lianas are usually used, and in some cases, also grassy lianas and ampelous flowers. In order to improve and green the landscapes, we carried out ecological and biological research on a route basis, carried out appropriate geodetic measurements, and then prepared phytoplans and estimates for greening of some areas and landscapes. In the autumn of 2022, Yerevan Municipality “Greening and Environmental Protection” Community Non­Commercial Organization (“GEP” CNCO) has planted ivy, campsis, and creepers on both sides of the tunnel leading to Saralanj at the beginning of Myasnikyan Avenue (in an area of 70 square meters), due to which the roadside areas will turn into green, blooming landscapes. The selection of lianas was made according to the latter’s dendrocirculation indicators, decorative features and ecological flexibility. In the coming years, “Greening and Environmental Protection” CNCO will carry out vertical greening according to the above principle in similar landscapes of Myasnikyan Avenue, as well as Saralanj and Tsitsernakaberd highways (in the sections, that have undergone geoplastic change), turning the mentioned areas into green and blooming landscapes.

The aim of the work is to study the growing dynamics of total sugars, acids and phenolic compounds (flavonoids, anthocyanins) in Sev Areni grape berries in conditions of organic farming depending on the buds’ load rate. The studies were conducted in 2020-2021. The vineyard belonging to “Hin Areni” CJSC, established in 2007-2008, is located in the Areni community of Vayots Dzor marz, at an altitude of 1200 m above sea level. At the start of the trials, 5 hectares of the garden (10 ha) were cultivated with organic methods. The experiments were carried out in four replications through the method of Lazarevskiy including 15 vines in each option. The dynamics of berry ripening was studied according to vine load. Sugar content (refractometric method), titratable acidity (using OIV-MA-AS313-01 method), pH, total phenolic content of fruit juice was determined three times. According to study results, the amount of flavonoids and anthocyanins changes during grape ripening, depending on the vine load. Along with the grapes maturation, sugar content of the fruit juice increases, the acidity decreases. However, parallel to the increase in vine load, the sugar content decreases. In the option of 50 bud load the sugar content decreases. The harvested yield lags behind the option of 30-40 bud load in its qualitative properties. Thus, it is not recommended to use high bud loading option in the organic farming. Based on the study results, it is recommended to use 30-40 bud vine loads of Sev Areni variety in conditions of vineyards organic farming.

In recent years, the use of probiotics has increased unprecedently, regardless of their origin and characteristics. In particular, the use of probiotics for nutritional and therapeutic purposes in infants and patients with a number of diseases (malignant neoplasms, diabetes, post-transplant period, etc.) needs reviews and clinical justification. Currently, in the production of dairy products, lactic acid bacteria (LAB) of intestinal origin are of particular interest, which is explained by the fact that the final target of probiotics is the intestine of an animal or a person. However, there is some skepticism about the efficacy of using human gut-derived LABs in dairy production. LABs are widespread in nature: exist in large quantities in plant residues, soil, human and animal intestines. LABs are widely used both in health care and agriculture, as well as in fisheries and fish production. A task was set up to study a series of biosafety indicators of yoghurts obtained from the Lpb. plantarum ZPZ, Lcb. rhamnosus str. Vahe.am, Lpb. plantarum K1-3, L. delbrueckii IAHAHI probiotic strains. Yoghurts produced with biosafety indicators corresponding to the risk of spreading antibiotic resistance in yoghurts, heavy metals and M1 aflatoxin content, as well as to international standards for microbiological indicators were obtained from new probiotics isolated from the intestinal microbiota of children (Lpb. plantarum ZPZ, Lcb. rhamnosus str. Vahe) and dairy products (Lpb. plantarum K1-3, L. delbrueckii IAHAHI). The results of our research prove that yoghurts obtained from lactic acid bacteria of different origins are harmless to health.