Latent mastitis harms the health of animals, their milk production, and the quality of milk. In cows affected by this disease sharp changes in hematological parameters, and biochemical parameters of blood and milk, which is the focus of our research. This work studies the morphological and biochemical parameters of blood and the biochemical parameters of milk in dairy cows affected by latent mastitis. The research was performed in several farms and farm households of Kotayk and Ararat regions, as well as in the ANAU Research Center of Veterinary Medicine and Veterinary Sanitary laboratories. The research outcomes prove that latent mastitis significantly impacts the composition of blood and milk components. Data obtained during the research enables a better understanding of the causes of mastitis as well as the necessity of using informative diagnostic methods in farm veterinarians’ practices.

The current work presents the distribution patterns of rare plant species and the mapping results with the help of the R programming language. In addition, it considers the topographical features of the RA mountain meadow zone. Taking the advantages of the R program capacity and the results of environmental studies of the given area, ways of solving several environmental problems related to the preservation of rare plants and biodiversity, depending on meteorological (Tmax, Tmin, RH, V) and soil moisture indicators were developed. The analysis was made with the data of Kajaran (1843 m) and Jermuk (2064 m) hydrometeorological stations, based on which the assessment of moisture availability of rare plant species was conducted, and the most dangerous periods for the development of life and growth of the mentioned plants were revealed. In particular, for plants at an altitude of 1800-2000 m, it was 75-130 days, and for those at the altitude of 2000 m, it was 60-110 days. Geospatial data analysis was performed, which allows to analyze and visualize environmental data through a cartographic representation. The use of comprehensive open source code for land use change assessment, landscape monitoring, ecological trends, and environmental problem identification is considered relevant, as it enables to avoid the use of narrow professional and expensive programs.

Genetic markers for the study of genetic diversity are divided into 4 groups: morphological or phenotypic, biochemical or protein, cytogenetic, and molecular or DNA. Currently, ISSR-DNA markers or Inter Simple Sequence Repeats is widely used for the genetic characterization of various crop varieties and wild species. In the present day, ISSR-DNA markers (Inter Simple Sequence Repeats) are widely used to characterize various crop varieties and wild species from their genetic makeup. It is used both for inter-species and intra-species genetic variability of populations and for genetic diversity, and species identification, as well as for genome mapping and marking of useful economic traits. The purpose of this research was to certify the wild species and population varieties of beet common in Armenia using DNA markers, to offer them as a selection starting material. The studied wild species and population varieties of beet are distinguished by a high degree of polymorphism: 33.3-88.9 %. According to the indicators of genetic diversity, most of the studied species and varieties are characterized as the main or typical gene pools with a minimum number and frequency of rare alleles. An exception is the Aparan population of table beet, which is distinguished by a high degree of originality. According to the indicators studied with ISSR DNA markers, it is possible to select the right parental forms for beet breeding activities.

As a part of the research, the species composition of almond diseases, as well as the susceptibility of different almond varieties, was studied. The following diseases and pests were detected at Armavir Marz: shot hole disease, almond leaf scorch, foamy canker, chlorosis, gummosis, peach twig borer, and green peach aphid. Trees of the Guara variety were infected with shot hole and gummosis, Penta - with gummosis, leaf scorch, and chlorosis. Diseases were not detected in trees of the Lauranne variety. Almond leaf scorch (Xylella fastidiosa Wells et al.) and foamy canker (Zymomonas Kluyver and van Niel) diseases were recorded in Armenia for the first time. Plant pathogenic fungi Arthrinium sp./Apiospora sp., Fusarium acuminatum, F. Incarnatum-equiseti, F. oxysporum, Valsa sordida (Cytospora chrysosperma), as well as non-pathogenic fungi Clonostachys rosea, Lachancea quebecensis, Mucor circinelloides, Pichia kudriavzevii and Torulaspora sp. have been isolated and identified from almond branches and trunks infected with gummosis.

Pig breeding is considered one of the most significant directions of livestock breeding both worldwide and in the Republic of Armenia. Various types of antibiotic drugs are used in animal husbandry, particularly in pig breeding, to promote animal growth and development. The current challenge in agriculture is antibiotic resistance, which can be caused by improper use of antibiotics in animal husbandry. In the study, 50 biological samples (feces samples) of 50 pigs were collected from three regions in the Republic of Armenia. We found Salmonella spp. in 6 (12.0 %) of 50 pig samples studied by us and in 41 (82.0 %) bacteria belonging to E-coli groups was detected. The detected bacteria belonging to the Salmonella group showed absolute 100 % resistance to 7 out of 16 antibiotics. The detected E. coli bacteria showed 100 % resistance to 7 out of 16 antibiotic types. When carrying out antibiotic treatment against salmonellosis and colibacteriosis diseases in pigs, The results of the research should be taken into account and the use of antibiotics of this type should be excluded.

The study was conducted on Holstein cows, which were imported from Germany and kept in the “smart” barnyard of the “Pepi Agro” farm at the Armavir Marz of the Republic of Armenia. According to the results, during the first lactation, 5827 kg of milk was yielded, fat and protein contents in milk were 3.82 and 3.27 %, live weight was 535 kg, and milk yield was 10.9 with the average milk flow rate of 2.37 kg/min. According to the 1990 appraisal, these cows exceeded the standards of the Holstein breed in terms of milk yield, fat, and protein content, as well as live weight. However, their milk yield was lower than the mothers bred in Germany by 2933 kg or 50 %. We propose to continue the importation of Holstein cows and their further breeding in “smart” farming conditions in the Republic of Armenia.

Thearticle considers theproblem of providingconstant or almost constant values of the blade cutting angles during one rotation of the tiller rotor with a vertical rotation axis. Analytical expressions were obtained by analyzing the trajectory of the tiller knife/blade, which enable to determine the change of the blade cutting angles at a constant location and to fine the patterns of this change in the ranges of (0...π) and (π...2π). The derived expressions and conclusions make it possible to adjust the location angle of the knife, using a pattern, in case of which the cutting angles of the knife will remain unchanged during one rotation of the rotor. This circumstance is important from the prospect of ensuring a uniform working mode of the rotary tiller.

Using DNA banks or gene libraries is the most efficient method of protecting and managing valuable, endangered, and rare gene pools. Genomic libraries are collections of bacteria colonies with restriction sites on their genomic DNA that contain desired genes from a specific organism. The “Scientific Center of AgroBiotechnology” branch of ANAU has created gene libraries of 34 plant species, which are preserved in the National Genebank of Crops and their Wild Relatives, which forms a basis for genomic selection. This allows genetic identification, barcoding, DNA formula decoding, and, most importantly, is the basis for genome identification. Based on the results, plasmids can incorporate restriction segments of genomic DNA and be efficiently transformed. The high level of correlation between the number of necessary clones and the efficiency of transformation of all studied plant species proves the completeness of the gene pool.

The article presents the direction of degradation processes in eroded forest brown soils based on the example of the Bazum community of the Lori region. It also shows the qualitative characteristics of these soils, the thickness, the degree of humus content, and the availability of nutrients. New technologies and methods of resource saving tillage and plant care are proposed to mitigate erosion processes, degradation, and desertification of soils based on the research conducted.

Brucellosis is a common bacterial zoonosis caused by Brucella spp., which are facultative intracellular gram-negative cocco-bacilli, causing disease in cattle, small ruminants, and humans. The occurrence of brucellosis is widespread across a wide geographical area as well as endemic throughout the Caucasus region. The Ministry of Agriculture of Armenia has adopted a diagnostic algorithm consisting of screening samples with the Rose Bengal Test (RBT) followed by confirmation with the complement fixation test (CFT). This study determined the feasibility of the algorithm and diagnostics in Armenia. Sampling and testing were conducted in two marzes of Armenia with disparate brucellosis prevalence. The screening was performed in 2020 at regional laboratories, followed by retesting at the reference laboratory with RBT and confirmation by CFT. Results indicated that RBT testing was reproducible between laboratories, although positive rates in CFT testing were slightly higher. Brucellosis incidence in cattle was not geographically dependent, while sheep incidence was affected by location. The addition of CFT to the diagnostic algorithm improves the results.