Irrigation, water management under climate change conditions plays an important role in rationalizing water uses efficiency in the agricultural development processes specially under aridecosystems conditions. Therefore, the objective of this study was to estimate the irrigation water requirement of savings landscaping areas under different recent techniques. So, this study focused on comparison between fully automatic with central control system (C.C.S) based on weather station and Control unit based on operator experience and background. The experiments were conducted during two years (from January 2014 to December 2015), in the site that located in District 5, New Cairo, Cairo, Egypt.  The results indicated the irrigation scheduling based on weather station data using a central control system (C.C.S) optimized maximize the irrigation water use efficiency and increase the amount of irrigation water saving  by about  14%, 36%,18% and 33% in Autumn, Winter ,spring and summer  respectively  in year of  (2014) and 7%, 29.7%, 16%, 33% in Autumn, Winter, spring and summer,  respectively in year of  (2015) compared with the other irrigation scheduling when based on calculated according to traditional method. In addition,  the results revealed that scheduling practices based on weather station data by using central control system could reduce the average of power consumption (about 314 KW) in year of (2014) and (about 347 KW) in year of  (2015).  Moreover ,the results revealed that the cost of water consumption for the central control system based on the data of the meteorological station for the two years 2014 and 2015, the years of study  were 018601 L.E./ 2 years compared with the other irrigation schedule when calculated according to the operator's experience was 010101 L.E./ 2  years. Where the cost of 36172, 13603, 23393 and 33642  L.E./ 2 years in the winter ,spring, summer, autumn and respectively of the central control system and 39600, 17068, 28820 and 45522  L.E./ 2  years in the winter, spring, summer, autumn respectively of the other system.

The study examines factors affecting sprinkler irrigation system distribution uniformity, including sprinkler type, operating pressure and computer software design. The pressures used were 1.5, 2.1, and 2.5 bar for spray nozzles 4A and 17A, and 1.7, 2, 2.5, and 3 bar for rotor nozzles 1 and 3. The results showed a strong correlation, with (R2) values of 0.996 and 0.973, between SIDUL-Program (Sprinkler Irrigation Distribution Uniformity for Landscape–Program) and Excel program with respect to coefficient of uniformity (CU) and distribution uniformity (DU) respectively, suggesting a strong correlation between the two programs. The HEDIA program validated the SIDUL–Program, revealing a 0.42% difference in CU values between the two programs for rotor nozzle 3, indicating also a strong correlation (R2 = 0.953) between the two programs. The results showed that DU for spray 4A at a pressure of 2.1 bar was 7.4%, higher than DU at a pressure of 1.5 bar; the CU for spray 17A was 11.9% higher, as supported by manufacturer specifications. The study concluded that calculating CU and DU using the SIDUL–Program is critical for assessing sprinkler performance in irrigation systems since it considers factors such as soil type, irrigation 1methods and location; in addition to being easy to use and accurate com-pared to other programs.

Solar water pumping system may be a competitive application for remote and luxurious areas where power costs a lot. One may argue that solar photovoltaic water pumping systems not only comprises an environmentally friendly solution, but also contributes substantially to the satisfaction of remote communities’ water consumption needs. Therefore, the study aimed to manage pump for sprinkler irrigation system operated by solar power in small area of turf. The required hydraulic experiment and measurements were conducted using Direct-coupled photovoltaic pumping system to operating sprinkler irrigation network at the experimental farm of soil and water Research Department, Nuclear Research Center, located at Inshas, Sharkia Governorate, Atomic Energy Authority, Egypt. The essential idea to operate the sprinkler irrigation system and fulfill the water needs of turf area was to use a locally assembled pump-set to match the photovoltaic generator unsteady output. Results indicated that, solar radiation increased during summer (April and July), so the electric power, pump discharge, pressure head, Hydraulic horsepower (hp) and Photovoltaic conversion efficiency are affected as solar radiation changed.    Four mathematical equations has been derived to illustrate the relationship between solar radiation and electric power, pump discharge  pressure head , water hp and Photovoltaic conversion efficiency (PVCE) during the day hours.

This research amid to obtain identify the effect of low-quality water (gray water) (reused water after its nomination in the special filtration stations) on the performance analysis of the turf irrigation system. The Experiment was carried out at ELRhap site, the area under investigation was 450 m², it was divided into 6 plots, and the geometrical has 5 m × 15 m. Investigated variables were gray water and tap water plots were; have been while the investigated parameter was the percentage of the applied amounts of irrigation water with a percent of 100%; 85%; 75%. The response of plant growth landscaping parameters due to irrigation water types were color, length, density and its coverage on the after heads, the effect of gray water and fresh water on the turf irrigation system was compared through the study of (uniformity, Surface roughness, Clogging ratio, flow, pressure), of sprinklers during same the irrigation period.  Results of the applied could be summarized as followed. The Accumulative clogging ratio by using gray water was (1.50 – 1.56 – 1.6) % and tap water was (1.22 – 1.25 – 1.28) % at (100% - 85% - 75%) of quantity the water required for the plant. Illustrates in tap water turf quality rate was (8.50 – 8.00 – 8.00) for color, very good quality rate was (8.00 – 8.00 – 7.50) for density also very good ground cover quality rate was (8.00 – 7.50 -7.50). Meanwhile, illustrates in gray water turf quality rate was (8.50 – 8.50 – 8.00) for color, very good quality rate was (8.50 – 8.00 – 8.00) for density also very good ground cover quality rate was (8.00 – 8.00 – 7.50) at (100% - 85% - 75%) of quantity the water required for the plant. Surface roughness in the  main irrigation lines was measured after the use of gray water and tap water. The erosion was (17.93– 65.35) Mm and the sediments were (15.48 – 58.22) Mm in gray while the erosion of tap water was (10.45– 34.89) Mm and the sediments were (9.06– 45.22) Mm.

Most landscapes requires the water essentially, water pumping consumes a significant amount energy. The study carried out to evaluate the performance of a solar water pumping system for the purpose of operating landscape system. The system consists of a centrifugal water pump connected directly to DC electric motor that which connected directly to a solar photovoltaic generator. Field test had been carried out at Menofia Governorate, Egypt. Measurements were taken every hour starting from 8:00 AM to 4:00 PM through randomly selected days during the period between August 2016 and February 2017. Results show the relation between the solar radiation and the output electrical power, hydraulic power, pumping rates and the efficiency of the system. System evaluation was carried out by estimating the intensity of solar radiation, Photovoltaic output power and the hydraulic power generated. The PV output power was 712 W at solar radiation intensity of 841 W/m². Also, photovoltaic generator and pumping system efficiencies were 14.98% and 14.21% respectively.