Two field experiments were carried out at El-Khroub experimental station, east of Constantine, Algeria, to evaluate the effect of N, P, K fertilization and their interaction on growth characters and yield of wheat grown on calcareous soil. The design of each experiment was split-split plot. Urea was applied as folier application to one experiment to evaluate the supplementel application of nitrogen under dry farming conditions. The results showed that the main stem height, number and height  of tillers and number of leaves were varried according to the levels  of  N, P, K fertilization as well as to presence or absence of urea., Straw yield significantly increased due to increasing nitrogen level and potassium fertilization in absence or presence of urea. However, grain yield was significantly increased either with increasing nitrogen level in absence of urea or with increasing phosphorus levels in absence or presence of urea. Straw yield was significantly affected by N * P interaction in absence or presence of urea and N * P * K when urea was applied. However, grain yield was significantly affected by N * P and N * P * K interractions in absence of urea application.

Laboratory experiments were carried out to investigate the effect of two bacterial commercial products of B. thuringiensis (Dipel 2x and Protecto) on eggs and the newly hatched larvae of pink bollworm, P.gossypiella. Different concentrations of both commercial products of B. thuringiensis were tested. The results showed that the percentage of larval mortality increased by increasing concentration and the period after treatment, calculated LC50s values after 3-7 days of treatment. Treatment of eggs did not affect, significantly, the hatchability. While the percentage mortality of newly hatched larvae produced from the treated eggs was high according to the concentrations used.

Recently, the potential economical importance of the methylotrophic bacteria encouraged the isolation of this group. In the present study five Egyptian isolates were obtained from green leaves surface of legume plants named PPFM.C (ChickPea), PPFM.Ph (Common bean), PPFM.F (Faba bean), PPFM.P (Peanut) and PPFM.S (Soybean) ,to study their general characters which belonging to  methylotrophic bacteria. Morphological studies indicate that all isolates were short rods, gram negative and motile. All Physiological studies to the isolates gave the same results except PPFM.F which could not grow in peptone medium. All isolates were sensitive to Kanamycin but they were resistant to Erythromycin. There was a great range in the ability of the isolates to grow on different sodium chloride concentrations indicating that PPFM.Ph grew well in 5 % sodium chloride, and they were able to excrete and produce cytokinin. Molecular biology studies indicated that there was a great similarity between PPFM.C and PPFM.Ph (99.34%). Identification was carried out to the5 isolates, PPFM.F may be related to Methylobacterium mesophilicum, PPFM.P may be related to M. fujisawaense and PPFM.Ph, PPFM.C and PPFM.S were related to M. radiotolerans.

Field trials were conducted at El-Gharbia governorate to determine the insecticidal activities of chlorpyrifos-methyl, profenofos and methomyl on tomato plants against the cotton leaf-worm (Spodotera littoralis). Data showed the high initial mortality (100, 100 and 100%) against the second and the fourth instars larvae with reasonable persistence. The residues of these insecticides on fruits of the sprayed and contaminated tomato plants were determined by GLC and HPLC, with recoveries of 100, 100 and 94.58%, respectively. The initial deposits of chlorpyrifos-methyl, profenofos and methomyl were 2.10, 2.58 and 20.11ppm, while decreased to 0.19, 1.41 and 0.33ppm after 3,1 and 13 days from spraying, respectively, such residue levels are below the maximum residue level (MRL). The estimated half-life values (t0.5) were 0.4898, 1.026 and 1.1867 days for the same insecticides, respectively

In present set of investigations the chemoprotective effect of green tea and ginger extracts has been evaluated using in vivo chromosomal aberrations assay in albino mice (Mus musculus). The organophosphate agropesticide malathion, 80% technical grade consider as a potent genotoxic agent, was given at a single dose 230 mg/kg b.w. (1/12 LD50) intraperitoneally. Pretreatment with 4 and 3% of freshly prepared green tea (GTI), ginger (GI) extracts, respectively and the mixture of both extracts (GTI+GI) were given through oral incubation for 6 days prior to malathion administration. Animals from all the groups were sacrified at sampling times of 24 and 48 hours and their bone marrow cells were analyzed for chromosomal damages. The animals of the positive control group (Malathion alone) showed a significant increase in chromosomal aberrations both at 24 and 48 h sampling time. The green tea and ginger extracts, alone did not significantly induced aberrations at either sampling time, conforming their non-mutagenicity. However, significant suppressions in the chromosomal aberrations were recorded following pretreatment with green tea and ginger extracts administration. The antigenotoxic effects of both extracts separately and in mixture were also evident, as observed by significant increase in mitotic index, when compared to positive control group. Reduction in malathion induced clastogenicity by both extracts, was evident at 24 h and to a much greater extent at 48 h of cell cycle. Thus results of the present investigations revealed that green tea and ginger extracts have chemoprotective potential against malathion induced chromosomal mutations in albino mice.

and 2003 to investigate the interactive effect of Zn and different nitrogen sources, i.e., mineral nitrogen (ammonium sulfate) and organic nitrogen (poultry manure) on the growth and productivity of onion (Allium cepa) cv. Giza 20. Four levels of Zn application (0, 1, 2 and 3 ppm) in a sulfate form were foliar sprayed at 30 and 60 days after planting. Within each Zn application, three treatments of nitrogen dose were applied in different combination forms (mineral and organic sources). Nitrogen treatments were 100% mineral N; 75% mineral + 25% organic and 50% mineral + 50% organic. Organic-N source was poultry manure. All poultry manure treatments were applied during soil preparation. Data showed that all growth parameters of onion plants increased as the fraction of poultry manure increased. Zn had also a positive effect on all plant parameters except of plant length, and leaf dry weight. The interactive effect of Zn and poultry manure increased yield and quality of onion bulbs. The most effective treatments on bulb fresh weight, total yield and quality were the spraying with 1 or 2 ppm zinc and the application of N as 75% mineral and 25% organic, in both seasons

Twenty nine samples of locally produced honey and twenty two samples of honey pastes were collected from retail outlets in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Their antibacterial activity against some Gram positive and Gram negative foodborne bacterial pathogens using the agar well diffusion method was studied. In addition, the minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) were determined for honey pastes samples using the dilution method. All samples of honey had antibacterial activity against Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli O157: H7 and Salmonella typhimunium on plates of tryptic soy agar with varying diameters of inhibition zones. Samples of honey pastes showed also antibacterial effect against Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli O157: H7 and Salmonella typhimunium adopting the previous technique. MIC varied between honey pastes samples where it was sample dependent.

The insecticide malathion (57% E.C.) was applied at the rate of 712.5 gm active ingredient per feddan on dill, Anethum graveolens L. and coriander, Corianderum sativum L. for controlling aphids infesting these plants. An analytical method, using gas chromatography equipped with flame photometric detector was used for detecting the insecticide residues. A field trial was conducted to determine the rate of dissipation of malathion in dill and coriander plants and in the resulting oil. Residue analysis showed that the initial deposits determined one hour after application were 35.81 & 22.7 ppm in dill and coriander plants, respectively. Rates of dissipation of malathion were 4.72, 51.1, 68.39, 88.41 and 93.49% in dill plants and were 13.61, 43.22, 66.78, 86.26 and 91.85% in coriander plants at 1, 3, 7, 14 and 21 days post treatment, respectively. The pesticide was decayed quite rapidly in and on dill and coriander plants and detectable residues (1.62 and 0.93 ppm) were observed in these plants 28 days after treatment. At harvest 46 days for coriander and 70 days for dill after application malathion was found at average levels of 0.78 mg/kg and 0.54 mg/kg in dill and coriander dry seed, respectively. The volatile oil extracted from the seed by steam distillation process was contaminated with the insecticide at a higher levels than in the seed [about sevenfold in dill oil, 5.21 mg/kg and ninteenfold in coriander oil 10.16 mg/kg]. This means that malathion had tendency to co-distill with the dill and coriander oil throughout steam distillation process.

temperature was studied during two successive seasons of 2002 and 2003 at Kaha experimental station, Agricultural Research Center, Cairo, Egypt (Latitude, longitude, and altitude are 30.8, 31.15, and 16.9 m respectively). Cucumber seedlings (Cucumis sativus L. F1 local hybrid Sinai 1) were grown in clay soil under unheated two plastic houses. One of them was covered with one year old cladding material (PE 200μm) while the other was covered with new cladding. Soil surface was covered with different plastic mulch colors, i.e., black, silver, and transparent, in addition to a new suggested mulch that was craft-paper saturated with paraffin wax. Soil temperatures were measured at 5 cm depth. Global solar radiation and air temperature were measured inside and outside the greenhouses. The vegetative growth , i.e., plant height, leaf number, leaf fresh and dry weight, early and total yield were recorded. The results showed that new cladding cover promoted plant growth and yield. Craft-paper saturated with paraffin wax gave the highest soil temperature during the sunny days in comparison with other mulches and best results concerning vegetative growth and yield were obtained by both black mulch and craft-paper saturated with paraffin

Dill ( Anethum graveolens L.) plants were cultivated during two successive seasons (2002/2003 and 2003/2004). The experimental were conducting at the Experimental Farm, National Research Center (NRC), Egypt, to study the effect of different combination of organic fertilizers such as chicken and sheep manure and its rates on dill ( Anethum graveolens L.) plants. The obtained results indicated that, treated plants with different combination of organic fertilizers and its rates resulted in a significant increase in growth and yield characters , i.e. plant height, branch number, leaf number, umbel number, fresh weight, dry weight and fruit yield / plant in comparison with control plants. Chemical composition analysis of treated plants showed an increase in the essential oil percentage and main components (Carvone (R) and Limonene) of essential oil extracted from dill (Anethum graveolens L.) fruits. Treated plants showed a decreases in the heavy metals content in the plant tissues comparison to untreated plants. Also these results indicated that the application of organic manure reduced the harmful effects of hazardous heavy metals