Evaluation of meat color by a computer vision system (CVS) is a promising implement to dominate the difficulties when the meat is directly evaluated. In this study, 60 Longissimus dorsi from different carcasses of sheep were provided and cut into samples in 5 mm thickness. Immediately under standard shooting conditions, photographing was carried out by CVS. At the same time, the color of meat was measured with Hunterlab colorimeter. The first photo was taken on samples on a freshly cut surface just arrived at the laboratory and the others on 3rd, 5th,7th, 9th, 11th, and 13th days after slaughtering. Then, seven trained sensory panels were asked to evaluate the color of the photos that were taken during 13 days and graded them in order of preference. In general sensory panel preferred samples with high lightness, a relatively high redness, and yellowness until 7 days after slaughtering.

Avian adenoviruses (AAV) are known as a very diverse group of pathogens causing a variety of clinical symptoms or being totally asymptomatic in poultry flocks. The aim of this study was the molecular detection of avian adenoviruses in broiler flocks suspected of the IBH and respiratory syndrome in the southwest of Iran. For this intent, the liver and lung samples with macroscopic lesions were collected from 30 different poultry flocks (poultry of slaughterhouse and flock mortalities). Subsequently, DNA was extracted from samples and examined using PCR. The L1 (Loop1) region of the hexon gene was amplified. PCR products were sequenced to reveal the identity of the avian adenoviruses. The data resulted from the nucleo tide sequencing were analyzed using programs and services provided by National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). The results showed that the pools of liver samples from a 25 days old flock were positive in the PCR test. Based on the sequence data, adenoviruses belonged to the D genotype of avian adenoviruses. In phylogenetic analysis, FADV isolates were closely related to the FADV-11 isolates of Iran, China, Canada and Australia with nucleotide homology up to 99%. This is the first study on molecular detection and analyzing the nucleotide sequence of hexon gene fragment of FADV in broiler farms in Southwest Iran.

The present study was conducted to evaluate the possible ameliorative effects of vitamin C and thiamine on lead accumulation in kidney, liver, muscle, brain and gill of experimentally lead-poisoned common carp. At the beginning of the experiment, fish (n=120) were divided into 4 groups randomly with group 1 being considered as the control group. Groups 2, 3 and 4 were exposed to lead acetate (5 mg/L, 15 days); groups 3 and 4 received vitamin C (500 mg/kg feed) and thiamine (50 mg/kg feed) during lead acetate exposure, respectively. Following this, it was observed that lead exposure caused a significant (p < 0.05) increase in lead content in all examined tissues of fish in group 2 in comparison to control group. It was also found that thiamine supplementation slight ly decreased the augmented levels of lead in the muscle, brain and gill tissues, which was not significantly different from that of the control group. Similarly, vitamin C supplementation reduced the augmented concentrations of lead in the muscle to the levels that were not significantly different from that of the control group. Based on the present results, neither thiamine nor vitamin C was effective in providing a significant reduction of tissue lead burden in groups 3 and 4 as compared to group 2. Thus, monotherapy with such vitamins cannot be proposed as a suitable therapeutic approach for the effective reduction of the tissue lead burden in common carp. However, further investigations using other dosing regimens of each vitamin or combined treatment with chelators are required to reach such a conclusion.

The genus Paederus consists of approximately 621 species associated with outbreaks of dermatitis. Our aim was to determine gross and microscopic changes induced by Paederus fuscipes. Adult P. fuscipes beetles were collected from infested house and then sent to laboratory. In the first group beetles were placed on the shaved parts over the shoulders of each rat. In the second group smashed insect materials were rubbed over the ear of examined animals. Gross changes after 12 hr were noticed as erythematous papules and in 72 hr the red elevated area became bigger and swollen. Microscopic examination revealed edema and mild infiltration of inflammatory cells (lymphocytes and eosinophils) after 12 hr, cell swelling and vacuolar degeneration in basal and squamous cells after 24 hr, but by 72 hr the epidermal cells were necrotic with intense accumulation of fluid and vesicles formation. Gross and microscopic changes were compared between rats exposed with squeezed beetle materials and rats exposed to live beetles. The typical gross changes were maculopapuls on the skin that histologically showed dermal edema and infiltration of lymphocytes and eosinophils.

Visceral leishmaniosis is an important zoonotic disease in Iran. The agent, vector and reservoir are Leishmania infantum, Phlebetomous major and dogs, respectively. Thus far, no data has been reported about the prevalence of visceral leishmaniosis in human and dog in Torbat-e- Heidareah area and the present study has been performed to determine the frequency of L. infantum infection in stray dogs. One hundred blood and skin samples were collected from 2014 to 2015. The sera samples were examined by Indirect Immunofluorescent Antibody Test (IFAT). The skin samples of seropositive and seronegative in association with skin lesions were examined by PCR method. In this study, antibodies against L. infantum were detected in 3 (3%) sera samples of dogs and kDNA Leishmania spp. was detected in 4 (4%) of seronegative dogs by PCR. L. infantum was detected in positive samples by semi nested PCR. Based on serological and molecular results, 7% of asymptomatic stray dogs of Torbat-e- Heidareih area were infected with L. infantum and may be acted as reservoirs of visceral leishmaniosis.

The “cow hygiene score” system is a management tool for assessment of cow’s body hygiene and cleaning of the barn. In this study, the correlation between body hygiene scores and intramammary infections (IMI), California Mastitis Test (CMT) and Somatic Cell Count (SCC) were evaluated in two different seasons. Hygiene scoring of 1096 dairy cows in 4 herds was performed on five body areas including: udder, rear legs, flanks and upper legs, abdomen, and tail head. After doing CMT, milk samples were taken from quarters with score 2 or more for microbiological culture. SCC data were taken in two consecutive months. The results of this study showed no significant differences between the median of all hygiene scores except for tail head that were significantly greater in high than low rainy seasons (p < 0.05). There was no significant correlation between hygiene scores and the chance of positive bacterial culture (p > 0.05), but a statistically significant relationship was found between udder hygiene score and isolation of environmental bacteria (p < 0.05). There were no statistically significant differences between SCC or CMT and hygiene scores of all parts of the body and similarly between teat cleanliness score after premilking preparation and SCC in two consecutive months (p > 0.05). Finally, it seems that udder hygiene scoring is an useful tool for predicting of intramammary infections caused by environmental bacteria.

Milk fever and subclinical hypocalcemia are the most important macro-mineral metabolic disorders that affect transition dairy cows. Many studies have shown that cows with subclinical hypocalcemia are also prone to many diseases and disorders. The drain of Calcium (Ca) during early lactation represents a significant increase in Ca demand over that for late fetal growth and physiological maintenance. The requirements of the mammary gland for Ca often exceeds the ability of the cow to replenish the plasma Ca pools. Blood Ca concentrations remarkably decline in dairy cows around calving, with the lowest concentrations occurring about 12 to 24 hours after calving. To maintain Ca homeostasis after calving, at the start of lactation, Ca compensating mechanisms are activated. These mechanisms involve a coordinated effort among the hormones 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, parathyroid hormone (PTH), and calcitonin. Hypocalcemia is associated with an increased risk of several important health conditions such as mastitis, retained placenta, metritis, abomasum displacement and immune insufficiency, particularly in transition period. The incidence of subclinical hypocalcemia approaches 40-50% in multiparous cows after calving in dairy herds. In spite of developments in preventive approaches, tremendous economical impact of hypocalcemia on health, production and fertility of dairy cows is a major concern for dairy herd owners. The paramount advances in dairy health have been the paradigm shift from treatment of clinical illness to disease prevention and redefining disease more broadly, to include subclinical conditions. Herd-based tests are now available for use in routine herd monitoring and for investigating dairy herds with metabolic subclinical problems. This review provides the criteria for hypocalcemia monitoring and interpretation of the results in dairy herds.

In this research immune response characteristics of two available heterologous vaccines including Gorgan goat pox virus (GPV) and Romanian sheep pox virus (SPV) vaccines against lumpy skin disease have been examined, by using the monitoring of humoral and cell-mediated immune responses in vaccinated calves in the field. The evaluation of humoral immune response showed that the neutralizing antibody titers in both vaccinated groups started at day 7 post-vaccination, then reached to the protective level at day 21 post-vaccination and persisted till 35 day post-vaccination. The neutralizing antibody titers in GPV-vaccinated calves (GVC) the ratio was higher than SPV-vaccinated calves (RVC), and on days 21 and 35 post-vaccination were significantly different (p

Flukes cause severe and lethal diseases in various animals comprising fish. Both adult and larval stages are found in fish. Centrocestiasis is an infection of the fish gills by heterophyid trematode Centrocestus formosanus. In summer 2014, 35 fingerling grass carp and 30 common carp weight of 6 grams were referred to the veterinary hospital of Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz. In the wet mount of the skin, mild infection of trichodina was observed. Wet mount of grass carp gills revealed large number of parasitic cysts between gill filaments. The cysts were quite clear and contained pear-shaped parasites. In histopathological examination, filaments of gill were thick and distorted. According to the wet mount and histopathologic results, metacercariae was chracterised to belong to heterophyidae, C. formosanus.

Annexins are fundamentally related proteins that process a variety of physiologic and pathologic procedures, including suppression of inflammation. Ten Holstein-Frisian bull calves (10 ± 1 days old) weighting 50 ± 5 kg were chosen to induce the experimental septicaemia using O111:H8 strain of E. coli. Blood samples were collected to determine the plasma annexin A1 , annexin A2, TNF-α, IFN- γ, IL-8 and neutrophil count at 0, 24, 48, 72, 96 and 120 hours after induction of septicemia. Significant increased concentrations of serum annexin A1 and annexin A2 in circulating blood in response to experimental coliseptisemia were observed during experiment. Maximum levels of annexinA1 and A2 were recorded at 72h after challenge. A statistically significant increase in blood neutrophil count occurred from beginning of septicemia untill 24h after onset of septicemia. Annexin A2 and Annexin A1 had no significant correlation with neutrophil count. Serum cytokine concentrations reached their maximum level at 48h after challenge and then decreased to basal level before antibiotic therapy. This study showed that serum annexin concentrations, increasing during colisepticemia in calves, in association with cytokines could be a reliable marker to confirm the occurrence of anti-inflammatory response.