Q fever is an important zoonotic disease caused by infection with Coxiella burnetii. Limited information is available concerning theseroprevalence of Coxiella burnetii in Iran.A serological survey was conducted to describe the eroepidemiology of Coxiellaburnetii infection in dairy cattle in Khorasan Razavi province located in northeast of Iran. 246 dairy cattle from 19 commercial dairy herds that were distributed in 9 counties were selected. Blood samples were assayed for antibody to Coxiella burnetii using CHEKIT Q fever ELISA kit.Seroprevalence of Coxiella burnetii at animal and herd level was 22.3 (95% CI: 17.1-27.6) and 78.9 (95% CI: 60-97) percent, respectively. Coxiella burnetii was distributed all over the province. The proportion of seropositive animals ranged from 0 - 62.5%in the studied herds and it was different significantly in various regions (P=0.001).Parity and herd size were not associated with seroprevalence. High prevalence of antibody against Coxiella burnetii in the cattle population of the study area implies zoonotic and economic importance. More investigations on the other reservoirs and human (especially at risk population) are necessary to make epidemiologic feature of Coxiellosis clear.

A four- year-old Moghanian breed ewe was admitted to the large animal veterinary clinic, University of Tabriz due to dystocia. During obstetrical examination, it was revealed that the cervix has been closed firmly and vagina protruded about 5 cm through the vulva (vaginal prolaps). Based on clinical findings and for saving the dam and lamb(s), the cesarean section was done. A normal alive female lamb twin to a monster dead male was delivered. According to the facial deformity, the monster twin was diagnosed as Cyclops lamb. This is the first report of a Cyclops lamb’s giving birth twine to a normal lamb from Iran.

Toxoplasmosis, caused by Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii), is an economically important disease of livestock, especially sheep and goats, where it can cause early embryonic death and resorption, fetal death and mummification, abortion, stillbirth, and neonatal death.Cats are the main reservoir for the toxoplasmosis which can contaminate the environments of other animal and human beings by their faeces that contain sporulated oocysts.Toxoplasmosis is diagnosed mainly by direct smear, Immunohistochemistry, serology testing and PCR. Preventive measures include education of the farmers, reduce environmental contamination by oocysts, reducing the number of cats capable of shedding oocysts, limiting the breeding of cats to maintain healthy adults, control of future breeding and adequate continuous control programs of stray cats. Feeding cats with commercial diets or with food processed either by cooking or freezing can reduce the risk of disease transmission. A live vaccine (Toxovax®) is commercially marketed in some countries for reducing losses to the sheep industry from congenital toxoplasmosis. History, Life cycle, Clinical signs, Diagnosis, Mode of transmission, Epidemiology, Treatment, Control, Prevention and Vaccination against T. gondii infection in small animals have been reviewed in this article.

This article describes a case of Dictyocaulus arnfieldi infestation in a horse with signs of mild pneumonia in Mashhad zoo. In hematological examinations leukocytosis, neutrophilia with degenerative left shift; and in parasitological examination the first stage larvae of Dictyocaulus arnfieldi were detected in the feces. According to the authors' knowledge, this is the first report of D. arnfieldi infestation in Iran.

Nephrolithiasis was incidentally diagnosed in 2 Arabian horses, a young foal and an adult mare, from Maybod, Yazd province, Iran. The foal had bilateral neophrolithiasis, as multiple sand like stones in renal papillary area. Large nephroliths were found in the left kidney of mare. Prominent composition of those nephroliths was magnesium ammonium phosphate. Risk factors and other aspects of nephrolithiasis in horses are discussed.

A 2-year-old, female, crossbred pet rabbit was found to have a subcutaneous axillary abscess from which Staphylococcus lentus was the sole isolate. The S. lentus - an indigenous bacterium in rabbit saliva - probably was introduced into the axillary region during licking of a small wound. Due to severe neutropenia, the rabbit had developed a serious infection within a few weeks. Marked clinical improvement was observed following abscess excision and treatment with sulfamethoxaszole-trimethoprim. S. lentus should be added to the growing list of bacteria causing infection especially subcutaneous abscesses in rabbits.

Aflatoxicosis has emerged as a notable factor that hampers the well-being and productivity of broilers in recent times. This study examined V. amygdalina leaf extract's protective effects against aflatoxin B1-induced hepatoxicity and growth suppression in broiler chickens. 240 Cobb500 day-old chicks were divided into 4 groups: CONT (uncontaminated diet), AFTB1 (0.5 ppm aflatoxin B1 contamination), VE1AF (0.5 ppm aflatoxin B1 + 1 g V. amygdalina leaf powder/liter of water), and VE2AF (0.5 ppm aflatoxin B1 + 2 g V. amygdalina leaf powder/liter of water) in a completely randomized design. Liver catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase levels exhibited a marked reduction in the AFTB1 group compared to CONT and VE2AF groups (p < 0.05). Malondialdehyde levels, indicative of lipid peroxidation, were markedly increased in the AFTB1 group compared to all other groups (p < 0.05). The levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, and IFN-γ) exhibited a marked increase in the AFTB1 group compared to CONT and VE2AF groups (p < 0.05). Additionally, anti-inflammatory cytokines, adipokines, and oxidative DNA damage biomarkers varied significantly among treatment groups (p < 0.05). Both 1 g and 2 g of V. amygdalina leaf powder per liter of water effectively countered the detrimental effects of aflatoxin B1 on liver health in broiler chickens.

This study assessed the scolicidal activity of Lythrum salicaria and Lycopus europaeus methanolic extracts on the protoscoleces of Echinococcus granulosus using ultrasound-assisted extraction. Protoscoleces were obtained from sheep livers and lungs and were exposed to extracts at concentrations of 125, 250, and 500 mg/mL for 1, 10, 20, and 30 minutes. Over the exposure period, both plant extracts demonstrated progressively stronger scolicidal activity at all tested doses. At the lower concentrations of 125 and 250 mg/mL, L. salicaria generally exhibited a higher protoscolicidal effect compared to L. europaeus. However, the difference in efficacy was more pronounced at 125 mg/mL. On the other hand, at the 500 mg/mL concentration, the L. europaeus extract showed considerably greater scolicidal activity than the L. salicaria extract. Statistical analysis revealed that concentration had the biggest impact on mortality, followed by plant species and exposure time. The interaction between concentration and plant type impacted mortality the most, indicating that both factors influenced the overall effectiveness. In conclusion, both L. salicaria and L. europaeus methanolic extracts showed promise as potential candidates for future studies aimed at developing natural agents to control E. granulosus.

Purpose of the study: This investigation aimed to assess the impact of trona on the cardiovascular risk markers and physio-biochemical profiles of rats administered graded dosages over 28 days. Five groups (n = 5) of rats—A, B, C, D, and E—were randomly assigned, with E acting as the control. For 28 days, rats in groups A, B, C, and D were administered trona at doses of 50, 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg, correspondingly. All over the investigation, distilled water was provided to the animals in the control group. We measured body weights, oxidative stress, hematology, hepatorenal profiles, somatic organs, fasting blood glucose (FBG) levels, and cardiovascular risk indices (CVRI). Findings: Rats administered 400 mg/kg had higher FBG levels (p < 0.05) than the control group. Group D showed decreases (p < 0.05) in erythrocytic indices, total protein level, and heart-body index with concurrent increases (p < 0.05) in total leucocyte counts (TLC) and creatinine levels in comparison to the control group. Rats in groups B, C, and D showed higher levels of catalase activity (p < 0.05) compared to the control group. Rats given 100 mg/kg or above of trona showed increases (p < 0.05) in CVRI compared to controls. Conclusions: There were dose-dependent harmful effects on the erythrocytic indices, high exposure to T2DM (type-2 diabetes mellitus), and increased CVRI levels in rats dosed orally with ≥100 mg/kg trona for 28 days.

Increased antibiotic use in the ostrich industry could lead to the emergence of virulent antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains transmissible to human. This study investigated the genotypic and phenotypic characteristics of the phylogenetic groups of Escherichia coli (E. coli) isolates from ostrich and reveal their health risk potential. One hundred twenty-nine confirmed presumptive commensal (44) and suspected pathogenic (85) E. coli isolates from ostrich flocks in Mashhad, Northeast Iran, were phylo-typed by the Clermont quadruplex polymerase chain reaction. The phylogenetic profile of the isolates was comparatively investigated based on antimicrobial susceptibility, resistance, and virulence gene profiles. Results indicated that both groups of presumptive commensal and pathogenic isolates were mostly distributed within phylogroups A (with proportions 31.81% and 32.94%, respectively) and B1 (with proportions 36.36% and 31.76%, respectively). Multi-drug resistance was highest within the phylogroup B2 (p ≥ 0.05). The phylogroup B1, typically known for commensal strains, unlike B2, showed the most negligible proportions of isolates which were devoid of resistance genes (p ≥ 0.05) and virulence genes (p ≥ 0.05). The findings of this study expanded the horizon of the genotypic and phenotypic characteristics of the phylogenetic groups of E. coli isolates from ostrich. Moreover, we indicated a complicated inconsistency between both characteristics. Therefore, more comprehensive and comparative studies on E. coli isolates from ostrich and human are favoured in future research.