Myiasis is a common veterinary entomology problem in many slaughterhouses in the tropics.The prevalence of myiasis among slaughtered cattlewas investigated in Kashan Abattoir, central Iran, in 2009. All kinds of dipterous larvae that may cause myiasis were collected and identified.Thenthe prevalence of each infestation was analyzed by statistical tests. The results of the study revealed a total of 4 species of dipterous larvae belonged to two families of Sarcophagidae and Oestridae. The identified species were the following ones: Family Oestridae: Hypodermalineatum (61.4%), Hypodermaovis (12.6%), Oestrusovis (22.7%) and Family Sarcophagidae: Wohlfahrtiamagnifica (3.8%).Of the 7736 examined animals, 2.5% of goats and 0.5% of sheep were infested by any kinds of dipterous larvae. Statistical comparisons were made between the sex of host species and occurrence of myiasis, infested animals and species of larvae, the infested body parts of the host, and finally between the prevalence and origin of the cattle. Statistically the possibility of infestation of goats was 1.43 times more than sheep (odds ratio=1.43). These findingscan be considered by officials to keep the human and animal myiasis under control. There is also need to investigate the prevalence and incidence of animal myiasis in other parts of the country to clarify the spread of infestation in the country and in the region.

Salmonella is still one of the most important pathogens related with foodborne outbreaks.This study was designed to examine the combined effects of different levels of pH (7.4, 6.4, and 5.4), acids (acetic, citric and hydrochloric acid), temperatures (35 °C and 25 °C), and NaCl concentrations (0.5, 3 and 6%, w/v), on growth of Salmonella typhimurium in brain heart infusion broth. The experiment conducted in triplicate. Growth was monitored by visible turbidity over a 30-day period.To evaluate the effects of explanatory variable on time to detect (TTD) the bacterial growth, parametric survival models based on the weibull distribution was used. According to our results, the growth of S.typhimurium was affected significantly (P

Brain development of the Acipenser gueldenstaedtii (A.gueldenstaedtii) was described from days 1 to 36, post-hatch (dph) in this study. Larvae were euthanized, and serial sections of specimens were examined. Our ontogenical study was determined to concentrate on important parts of the brain containing forebrain, midbrain and hindbrain. The primary observation of the telencephalon was in 1-week-old specimens. The size of the forebrain remained relatively steady and did not demonstrate considerable changes, as compared to the other parts of brain. The diencephalon changes were noticeable in 3-week-old A.gueldenstaedtii. 2 major parts of mesencephalon, (tegmental portion and optic tectum) were detected during 4 weeks of development. As in other chondrosteans, the cerebellum appeared highly developed. Medulla oblongata appeared larger in 1-week-old specimens than in 4-week-old specimens.

Mold infection is one of the most important problems in aquaculture. Recently, administration of some chemicals such as malachite green in order to control mold infections has been limited in aquaculture. In the current decade, researchers have been more focused on using herbal extracts and essential oils in aquaculture. In this study, Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and Minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) of a new combination of four essential oils (Eucalyptus globulus, Mentha piperita, Salvia officinalis and Thymus vulgaris) were determined by serial dilution method. LC50 of the combined essential oils for 48 and 96 hours were then determined on Oncorhynchus mykiss fingerlings. MIC and MFC of combined essential oils were 0.025μl/ml and 0.050μl/ml for F. solani and 0.018μl/ml and 0.035μl/ml for S. parasitica, which was lower compared to malachite green. It was also 0.060μl/ml and 0.300μl/ml for F. solani and 0.045μl/ml and 0.120μl/ml for S. parasitica respectively (p

Mastitis in cattle is a serious problem which causes considerable economic losses in the dairy cattle herds. The aim of this survey was to identify mycoflorain milk of healthy, clinical and subclinical mastitis of lactating Holstein dairy cows. Milk samples of 154 Holstein dairy cows were collected from 10 dairy cattle herds in suburb of Mashhad-Iran. The treatment groups included 104 lactating dairy cows with clinical (38, 25%) and subclinical (66, 43%) mastitis. Fifty (32%) healthy dairy cows were included as control, as well. Different fungals were isolated from cows with clinical (14%), subclinical (18%) mastitis and healthy animals (15%). There were no significant differences between treatment and control groups (P>0.05). It was shown that milk samples of cows with clinical and subclinical mastitis were infected with 5 different fungal agents. However, milk samples of healthy cows also were contaminated with 5 kinds of fungal agents. Yeast (26%) and Aspergillus (A)fumigatus (18%) were the most common isolated agents. It is concluded that fungal infections (mainly A.) and yeast can occur in mammary glands of lactating Holstein dairy cows with or without mastitis.

Tropical fasciolosis caused by infection with Fasciola gigantica is regarded as one of the most important single helminthes infections of ruminants in Asia and Africa. Fasciolosis diagnosis, due to low sensitivity of coprological diagnostic method has been challenging for a long period. To evaluate the usefulness of ELISA for diagnosis of anti – Fasciola gigantica antibodies in parasitized sheep, crude, as well as excretory-secretory (E/S) antigens were examined with 50 positive and 45 negative serum samples. Results were compared with liver inspection in slaughterhouse. The cut off values were determined in 0.469 and 0.516 for crude and E/S antigen respectively. We found 82% of sensitivity, 95.6 of specificity, 95.3% positive predictive value and 83 % negative predictive value using crude antigen. We have also found 92% of sensitivity, 93% specificity, 93.8% positive predictive value and 91.4 % negative predictive value using E/S antigen. We concluded that ELISA, specially using E/S antigen, is a good tool for serodiagnosis of Fasciola gigantica infection in sheep herds.

Extracelllar matrix (ECM) materials from mammalian tissues have been broadly used for tissue engineering for animal models. While decellularization of tissues such as bladder, heart valve, knee meniscus and tendon has been performed, there are a few reports for articular cartilage. In This study we aimed to develop a technique to decellularize bovine articular cartilage as a biological construct for cartilage substitution. For this purpose, different decellularization protocols including freeze/thaw cycles followed by treatment with various concentrations of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) were used. Decellularization was analyzed by histological examination including hematoxylin and eosin and picrosirius staining. Treatment with 2%SDS for 5 to 8h followed by 4% SDS for3h hada significant effect on decellularization process with the minimal effect on the collagen contents. On the other hand, Treatment with 1% SDS had no effect on cell removal and use of 8% SDS for 5 to 8 h resulted in complete elimination of cells and significant decrease in cartilage matrix and collagen contents. This study provides a technique to produce acellular ECM derived from articular bovine cartilage whichmay serve as a xenogenicscaffold for cartilage tissue engineering.

As there is no data available on parasite infection of pigeons (Columba livia) in the region, the present study was carried out on domestic pigeons in Mashhad city in the north-east of Iran. Three hundred specimens were examined for the presence of ecto and endoparasites. A total of 300 pigeons, %21.6(n=65) and %15.3(n=46) were infected with nematodes and cestodes respectively whereas no trematodes were found. The helminths and their prevalence were Nematoda: Ascaridia columbae (20.37%), Capillaria bursata (3.7%), Capillaria caudinfillata (1.85%), Eulimdana clava (2.7%), Gongylonema spp (0.9), Cestoda: Choanotaenia infundibulum (11.11%), Raillietina echinobothrida (6.48%). Six different species of ectoparasites: Columbicloa columbae (42.8%), Pseudolynchia canariensis (16.1%), Menocanthus stramineus (10.7%), Menopon gallinae (7.1%), Lipeurus caponis (5.3%), Argas reflexus (3.5%) and 2 haemoparasites species Haemoproteus columbae (50%) and Leucocytozoon spp. (2%) were identified. Further studies are recommended in assessing the effects of the parasites on the pigeons’ health and production.

Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is a malignant tumor of epidermal cells in which the cells show differentiation to keratinocytes and is common in the horses, cattle, cats and dogs but is uncommon in the sheep. This communication describes a case of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) in a 5-year-old ewe. The tumor mass located on lumbar back and histological evaluation of biopsy sample revealed features of active SCC including atypical squamous cells with pleomorphism and hyperchromatism and atypical mitotic figures with dyskeratotic cells.

Clinical observations and gross pathological studies have been performed in field cases in order to determine the effect of cleavers (Galium aparine) seeds upon the productive traits and the health of broiler chickens. A negative impact upon productive traits (feedconversion ratio, growth rates and equalization) has been observed. The results of our studies allowed assuming that the health of broiler chickens was influenced by the mechanical ileus due to deposition and accumulation of weed seeds in the gastrointestinal tract of chickens.