The ameliorative effect of salts, ascorbic acid olyphosphate and zinc oxide supplementation on heat stress was studied in adult buffaloes of either sex which were randomly divided into two groups of four animals each. Group I served as control and Group II was supplemented with sodium bicarbonate, potassium carbonate, ascorbic acid polyphosphate and zinc oxide. All the animals were exposed to two conditions of temperature and humidity: hot-dry and hot-humid in psychrometric chamber for 4 hours daily for 10 days. Blood was collected on days 1, 5 and 10 of treatment. The activities of enzymes catalase, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and concentrations of reduced glutathione (GSH), hormone cortisol and thiobarbituric acid (TBA) binding substances (lipid peroxidation) were estimated in serum. Significant decreasewas observed in activities of serum catalase and SOD. Serum GSH concentration decreased while serum concentrations of TBA binding substances and cortisol significantly increased in both groups which were subjected to heat stress. Dietary supplementation of ascorbate, zinc and electrolytes resulted in further decrease in the enzymes' activities where as the serum GSH increased at par to normal values. Serum concentrations ofTBA binding substances and cortisol were comparatively lower in supplemented group in both types of stress. Thus, supplementation of ascorbate and zinc in addition to electrolytes relieved the animals of oxidative stress.

Prevalence and management of ovulatory disturbances was recorded from 454 repeat breeding crossbred Jersey cattle of Kashmir valley during a 7 years period (2004-05 to 2010-11). Prevalence of anovulation and delayed ovulation was recorded 16.30 and 12.78% with an overall prevalence of 29.07% ovulatory disturbances. Anovulatory animals treated with RCG (Chorulon @ 1500 to 3000 IV i.v. per animal depending on body weight) showed conception rate (CR) of 86.36%; while those treated with Buserelin (Receptal @ 5ml Lv. per animal) as 100.00%, although this difference was statistically non-significant. Animals suffering from delayed ovulation inseminated twice, thrice or 4th times depending on the persistence of estrus signs showed overall CR of 87.93%.

The serum biochemical profile of Japanese Quails which were supplanted with zinc in the diet was studied. The concentration of serum glucose, total protein, uric acid, AST, chloride and phosphorus changes when the birds were fed with zinc supplemented diet while the concentration of cholesterol, ALT, alkaline phosphatase and magnesium remains unchanged. The levels of serum glucose, AST and phosphorus increases with the increase of zinc in the diet while the level of uric acid and chloride decreased. Total protein level increased initially on zinc supplementation but further increase in the amount of zinc resulted in decrease level of total protein.

The therapeutic efficacy of two formulations, one containing garlic and other lead carbonate and acetate, camphor, neem and eucalyptus oils were assessed in 18 and 29 clinical cases of dermatological disorders in dogs, respectively. None of the preparation showed satisfactory results against mange infestation. Both the preparations were almost equally effective in cases of fungal and non-specific dermatitis.

Different segments of oviduct (infundibulum, ampulla, isthmus and utero tubaljunction)of six buffaloes each during follicular and luteal phases of estrous cycle were studied. The samples were collected in 10% NBF processed for paraffin sectioning were stained with hematoxylin and eosin, Masson's trichrome, PetiodicAcid Schiff, alcian blue and PASalcian blue. The mucosa was found thrown into longitudinal folds having primary, secondary and tertiary branches. Branching was more pronounced in infundibulum and ampulla as well as during the follicular phase as compared to luteal phase. The different segments were lined with columnarto pseudostratifiedcolumnarepithelium.The cellswere ciliatedand non ciliated type. In follicular phase, the epithelium showed strong PASreaction which was con~entrated in the supranuclear zone while during the luteal phase the reaction was moderate. The reaction was granular in nature. The epithelium was also strongly positive for alcian blue and PASalcian blue during follicularphase. Thepropria submucosa, tunica muscularis and tunica serosa showed weak to mild reaction for PASand alcian blue.

Nine Salmonella isolates (11.25%) from 80 spleen samples of pigs collected from slaughter house detected by conventional culturing when subjected to Salmonella-specific gene (invA) yielded product a 284-bp DNA fragment.

The response of Japanese quail to supplementation of Morinda citrifolia truit juice with reference to growth, production and immune response was studied. The Japanese quail were fedMorinda citrifolia ITuitjuice @5% from 0-7 weeks during growing period and from 8-14 weeks during laying periods. The body weight gains, feed conversion ratio, performance index and immunity status were recorded in both control and treated groups. The result revealed better growth performance in theMorinda fed groups compared to the control group. Overall performance index of Morinda group was also better than control group. The humonil immune response ofthe Morinda group was significantly better than control group. The Morinda fed birds produced 30.90 eggs / hen housed during 8-14 weeks of age. While only 20.9 eggs/hen housed produced by control groups. The overall analysis of the growth and production performance of both the groups revealed that supplementation of M. citrifolia crude truit juice @ 5% daily enhanced the body weight gain and egg production performance in the Japanese quail.

Interactive effect of ethanolic extract of Coccinia indica leaves with glibenclamide (oral hypoglycemic agent) on hypoglycaemic, hypolipidemic and antioxidant effect in alloxan induced diabetic rats was studied. The diabetic rats were administered with C. indica leaf extract at the dose of 100, 150 and 200 mg/kg body weight in combination with glibenclamide at the rate of 0.125 mg/kg. Blood glucose, serum cholesterol and triglyceride were estimated at 15 days intervals and liver glycogen, reduced glutathione and lipid peroxides in tissues at the end of the experiment. All the treatment groups showed significant lowering of blood glucose after 45 days of treatment when compared to the diabetic control. Serum cholesterol and triglycerides also returned to normal levels after 45 days of treatment. Reduced glutathione and lipid peroxide levels were also comparable with that of normal control at the end of the treatment. None of the treatment group showed any severe hypoglycaemia or other toxic effects and the combination of C. indica at the rate of 200 mg/kg with glibenclamide produced the most significant antidiabetic effect. The results suggested that interaction of C. indica with glibenclamide can produce significant hypoglycaemic, hypolipidemic and antioxidant effect in diabetic rats and can be used safely in the treatment of diabetes.

The present study was designed to evaluate the longevity of canine cauda epididymal sperm in vitro at 40C. The testes were collected from 30 mixed breed dogs of average weight of 20-25Kg,presented to the clinics for sterilization. The testes were stored at 40C in normal saline in a refrigerator.The sperms were collected from the epididymis at different intervals of time (0, 4, 8, 12 and 24 hr) by taking 6 testes in each interval of time. The sperm quality was accessed at different intervals of time.The data analysed was analysed by ANOVA and the significant level was 5% (P= 0.05). The sperm concentration at different interval of time and storage at 40C did not show significant difference. On the other hand the sperm motility revealed significant difference between all the time intervals of sperm collection except at 8 and 12 hr of collection. There was significant difference of live sperm (%) at different intervals of sperm collection except at 8-12 hrs of sperm collection. The percentage of normal sperms was significantly different in between 0 to 24 hr interval of time but there was no significant difference either at 4 and 8hr or 12 and 24 hr of sperm collection. The acrosomal integrity was found statistically significant between 0-24 hrs of sperm collection and storage at 40C. There was significant difference in percentage of hypo- osmotic swelling between 0 hr (66.67 ± 2.11%), 4 hr (40.50 ± 6.21%), 8 hr (26.27 ± 2.25), 12 hr (11.50 ± 1.38%) and 24 hr (6.67 ± 1.05%). However, there was no difference between 8 and 12 hr of sperm collection from testes and storage at 40 C. The study concluded that the cauda epididdymal spermatozoa can be effectively stored and utilised for the purpose of assisted reproductive technology during emergency. These findings can be applied to the endangered wild canines and felines.

USGB with biopsy gun using free hand technique was found to be an easy, safe and accurate technique for obtaining sufficient and good quality tissue for histopathological diagnosis in cases of hepatic, renal, prostatic, splenic affections and abdominal masses in dogs. Similarly USG-FNABwith 20-22 G needles attached with 5-10ml disposable syringe using free hand technique was found to be an easy, safe, economical, accurate and reliable technique for obtaining sufficientand good quality samples for cytological diagnosis in cases of splenic and prostatic affections and abdominal masses in dogs.