The inclusion of oregano essential oil, alone or associated with salinomycin, was evaluated as an alternative to zinc bacitracin on the performance of broiler chickens. This study used 600 male Cobb 500® day-old chicks, raised 42 days in boxes with rice hulls, provided with tubular feeders and nipple drinkers. The experimental design was completely randomized with six diets and 10 replications with 10 birds per experimental unit. The diets were based on corn and soybean meal: positive control - antibiotic (zinc bacitracin) + 0.05% anticoccidial (salinomycin), negative control - basal diet (BD) without additives, DB + 0.05% of salinomycin and 0.03% of oregano essential oil (Orego-Stim®),<br />DB + 0.03% of oregano essential oil, DB + 0.05% of salinomycin and 0.05% of oregano essential oil, DB + 0.05% of oregano essential oil. There were no treatment effects on broiler performance until 21 days of age. In the other periods, at 35 and 42 days, the oregano essential oil at 0.03% combined with salinomycin presented similar effects as the positive<br />control, leading to the conclusion that 0.03% of oregano essential oil associated with the salinomycin can replace zinc bacitracin + salinomycin in broiler chicken diets. | O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar dietas com óleo essencial de orégano, associado ou não com salinomicina, como alternativa à bacitracina de zinco sobre o desempenho zootécnico de frangos de corte. Foram utilizados 600 pintos de um dia de idade, machos, da linhagem Cobb® 500, criados até 42 dias de idade em boxes com cama de casca de arroz providos de comedouros tubulares e bebedouros nipple. O delineamento foi inteiramente casualizado, com seis dietas e 10 repetições de 10 aves cada. As dietas experimentais à base de milho e farelo de soja foram: controle positivo – antibiótico (bacitracina de zinco) + 0,05% de anticoccidiano (salinomicina), controle negativo – dieta basal (DB) sem aditivos, DB + 0,05% de salinomicina e 0,03% de óleo essencial de orégano (Orego-Stim®), DB + 0,03% de óleo essencial de orégano, DB + 0,05% de salinomicina e 0,05% de óleo essencial de orégano, DB + 0,05% de óleo essencial de orégano. Não foi encontrado efeito da utilização do óleo de orégano até 21 dias no desempenho das aves. Nos demais períodos, aos 35 e 42 dias, o desempenho das aves tratadas com 0,03% de óleo essencial de orégano + salinomicina apresentou resultados semelhantes ao controle positivo, levando à conclusão de que a dose de 0,03% de óleo essencial de orégano + salinomicina pode substituir a bacitracina de zinco + salinomicina em dietas para frangos de corte.

Vinte aditivos* foram utilizados na ensilagem de capim-elefante (80 dias de crescimento), em silos de laboratório: sem aditivos (T1); 0,5% de uréia (T2); 10% de fibra de algodão (T3); 10% de feno de Capim Elefante (T4); 10% de feno de Guandu (T5); emurchecimento por 6 horas (T6); 2% de resíduo de varredura de usina de açúcar (T7); 2% de fubá de milho (T8); 4% de fubá de milho (T9); 6% de fubá de milho (T10); 2% de fubá de milho e 0,5% de uréia (T11); 4% de fubá de milho e 0,5% de uréia (T12); 6% de fubá de milho e 0,5% de uréia (T13); 1% de melaço em pó (T14); 2% de melaço em pó (T15); 3% de melaço em pó (T16); 1% de melaço em pó e 0,5% de uréia (T17); 2% de melaço em pó e 0,5% de uréia (T18); 3% de melaço em pó e 0,5% de uréia (T19); inoculante bacteriano denominado Biosilo (T20). O pH foi maior nos tratamentos T1 (5,36) e T5 (5,33), sendo que nos demais este índice variou de 4,29 a 3,89, sendo estatisticamente semelhantes entre si, podendo ser considerados como dentro da faixa ideal. Os maiores teores de nitrogênio amoniacal foram obtidos nos tratamentos compostos de uréia e em T3. Em comparação ao uso isolado da uréia, a inclusão de 3% de melaço junto a este reduziu a produção de nitrogênio amoniacal e o valor obtido foi semelhante aos demais tratamentos. De maneira geral, as silagens se mostraram predominantemente láticas e a concentração de ácido lático foi semelhante entre os diversos tratamentos. T2 e T3 apresentaram maior produção de ácido butírico e T2 e T9 maiores teores de ácido acético. Os coeficientes de DIVMS variaram de 26,36 a 51,31% e as perdas de MS foram superiores em T2 (11,08%), T3 (10,50%) e T4 (9,80%) e semelhante nos demais. | Twenty aditives were been used on ensiling Elephantgrass (80 days growing period): without additives (T1); 0.5% urea (T2); 10% cotton fiber (T3); 10% Elephantgrass hay (T4); 10% Guandu hay (T5); drying for 6 hours (T6); 2% suggar wastes (T7); 2% corn meal (T8); 4% corn meal (T9); 6% corn meal (T10); 2% corn meal and 0.5% urea (T11); 4% corn meal and 0.5% urea (T12); 6% corn meal and 0.5% urea (T13); 1% dried molasses (T14); 2% dried molases (T15); 3% dried molasses (T16); 1% dried molasses and 0.5% urea (T17); 2% dried molasses and 0.5% urea (T18); 3% dried molasses and 0.5% urea (T19); bacterial inoculant Biosilo (T20). pH was increased in T1 (5.36) and T5 (5.33). The other silages pH varied from 3.89 to 4.29 and were similar. The highest non protein nitrogen was observed in T3 and those which included urea, but this was not observed whem 3% of molasses was included. Most silage fermentations were towards lactic acid production and these results were similar. T2 and T3 showed higher butiric acid concentration than the others and T2 and T9 showed higher acetic acid production. In vitro dry matter digestibility coeficients were from 26.36 to 51.31%. Dry matter loss was higher on T2 (11.08%), T3 (10.50%) and T4 (9.8%).

O experimento foi realizado no Setor de Bovinocultura de Leite da Fazenda Experimental de Iguatemi, Maringá, Paraná, com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito do uso de probióticos sobre o índice de diarréia, mortalidade e desempenho (altura e peso) de bezerros. As medições de peso e altura foram feitas logo após o nascimento dos animais, aos 30 e aos 60 dias de idade. Foram utilizados 19 bezerros puros por cruza Holandês, do nascimento aos 60 dias de idade, machos e fêmeas. Os bezerros foram distribuídos em três tratamentos: (A) leite integral + probiótico em pó solúvel, (B) leite integral + probiótico em pó solúvel e pasta probiótica de administração oral e (C) leite integral. Foram fornecidos feno e concentrado à vontade após 20 dias de idade. Os índices de diarréia e mortalidade foram nulos para os três tratamentos. Não houve diferença significativa para o ganho médio diário e mudança nas alturas tomadas nas cernelhas do nascimento aos 60 dias de idade entre os tratamentos A (0,56 kg/dia e 0,055 cm/dia), B (0,41 kg/dia e 0,075 cm/dia) e C (0,51 kg/dia e 0,043 cm/dia). | The experiment was undertaken in the Section of Dairy Cattle of Experimental Farm of Iguatemi, Maringá, Paraná, with the objective of evaluating the effect of the probiotic on the diarrhea index, mortality and performance (height and weight) of calves. The weight mensurations and height were made immediately after the birth of the animals, at the 30 and the 60 days of age. It were used nineteen Holstein calves from birth to 60 days of age, males and females. The calves were randomly distributed in three treatments: (A) integral milk + soluble powdered probiotic, (B) integral milk + soluble powdered probiotic + probiotic paste by oral administration and (C) integral milk only. Hay and concentrate were supplied ad libitum from 20 days of age. The diarrhea index and mortality were null for the three treatments. There were no significant differences for the average daily gain and height whitens at 60 days among the treatments A (0.56 kg/day and 0.055 cm/day), B (0.41 kg/day and 0.075 cm/day) and C (0.51 kg/day and 0.043 cm/day).

During the last years, the national poultry keeping has suffered constant challenges, having as objective to diversify the consuming market of the broiler to around of the world. However, each market presents different requirements, as in the case of the European market that establishes the exclusion of antibiotics as promotional of growth in the feeding of the broilers. Aiming at this problematic one, this study was become fullfilled, with the objective to analyze the results of the association of the butyric and lactic acids as additives in the ration of broilers, in comparison to the results gotten for the usually used promoters of growth in the diets of broilers. They had been evaluated: the animal performance, humoral immunology and intestinal morfometric of the birds. 1400 male chickens of the commercial ancestry Ross had been used, dividing them in five groups with different treatments to that if it relates to the additive use. Being a group it has controlled absent of additive, a group with butyric acid, a group with lactic acid, the fourth group with the association of butyric and lactic acids, and the fifth group with avilamicina (antibiotic) as promotional of traditionally used growth in the production of broilers. The performance results had indicated that the interaction of acid ones was significant in the initial phase, mean while did not occur an additive effect of acid ones, being the use of the butyric acid separately more recommendable during this phase. Already in the growth phase, the interaction was significant with an additive effect, recommending its use in the rations of growth. In accordance with the average headings of antibodies gotten in the study, the interaction was significant in the third sampling and showed a synergic effect of acid ones, being the combination of acids in question a powerful modulator of the humoral immunity. Meanwhile, the results gotten in the analyses of intestinal morfometric had not been conclusive. In general terms, one requires more organic acid studies that confirm the use of as the promotional ones of growth. | A avicultura nacional tem sofrido constantes desafios, tendo como objetivo ampliar o mercado consumidor do frango de corte ao redor do mundo. Cada mercado apresenta exigências diferentes, como no caso do mercado europeu que estabelece a exclusão dos antibióticos como promotores de crescimento na alimentação dos frangos. Em função deste fato, realizou-se este estudo, com o objetivo de avaliar o uso dos ácidos lático e butírico, isolados e associados, como aditivos em dietas de frangos de corte, em relação ao promotor de crescimento usualmente utilizado nas dietas dos mesmos. Foram avaliados o desempenho e a morfometria intestinal das aves. Utilizaram-se 1400 pintinhos machos da linhagem comercial Ross, divididos em cinco tratamentos (controle sem aditivo; com adição de ácido butírico; com adição de ácido lático; com adição de ácido butírico+ ácido láctico; com adição do antibiótico avilamicina, promotor de crescimento tradicionalmente utilizado na criação de frangos de corte. Os resultados de desempenho indicaram que a interação dos ácidos foi significativa na fase inicial, entretanto não ocorreu um efeito aditivo dos ácidos, sendo o uso do ácido butírico mais recomendável durante essa fase. Já na fase de crescimento, a interação foi significativa com um efeito aditivo, recomendando seu uso nas rações de crescimento. Os resultados obtidos nas analises de morfometria intestinal não foram conclusivos. Em termos gerais, requerem-se mais estudos quanto ao uso dos ácidos orgânicos como promotores de crescimento.

In the conditions of the Republic of Belarus there was analyzed the efficiency of application multi-enzyme preparations (drugs) Ehkozim (contained beta-glucanases; endo-xilanase; cellulose) and Vitazim (contained complex of enzymatic carbohydrases: xylanase; cellulose; beta-glucanases) in diets of lying hens. Vitazim was applied for destruction of complex structures: dietary fibre, protein, starch. Ehkozim was applied for albuminolysis of the main nonstarch polysaccharides of fodders. It was established that application of preparations in feeding of lying hens promoted the increasing of biological value of poultry meat, and prove to be economically expedient. Poultry meat of analyzed samples in accordance with physical, chemical and bacteriological indices, as well as in accordance with biological value and harmlessness was not worse than meat of control samples. As a result of the realized bacteriological research of all experimental samples of meat and internal organs there were not stated microorganisms Е. coli, S. aureus, bacteria of sort Proteus, B. сеreus and sulfate-reducing clostridium, salmonellas.

Determination of productivity and natural resistance indexes of laying hens after application of dry multienzyme preparation Vitazim (xylanase, 3600 units/g; cellulose, 3000 units/g; beta-glucanase, 7000 units/g); as well as the specification of optimal doses the enzyme were realized in the conditions of the Republic of Belarus. Research results showed that the best indexes of egg yields of laying hens were obtained after application in the main poultry diet of enzyme preparation Vitazim in dose 500 g/t that made it possible to increase the productivity in the experimemtal group on 12%. Application of Vitazim also promoted the increasing of natural resistance level of laying hens. There was stated the positive effect of Vitazim on bactericidal activity of blood serum. Before the beginning of test this index was the level of 44,35+/-0,92 – 56,52 +/-1,63. By the 300-th day of life the bactericidal activity of blood serum in experimental group administrated Vitazim in dose 300 g/t exceeded the control idexes on 3,8%; in the second experimental group (Vitazim in dose of 500 g/h) – on 29,5%; in the third experimental group (/vitazim on dose of 700 g/h) – on 23,7%.Vitazim administration also exercised positive influence on lysozyme activity in blood serum of lying hens

In the conditions of the Republic of Belarus there was determined the efficiency of application of different levels of vitamins and trace elements in feeding of servicing bulls. In course of the study there was analyzed the influence of different levels of supply of servicing bulls with vitamins A, D, E and trace elements (copper; zinc; manganese; iron; cobalt; selenium) on their reproductive ability. On the basis of the experiment there was calculated the economic efficiency of application of the developed vitamin and mineral additive. Research results showed that application of the developed protein and mineral additive in diets of servicing bulls in winter and summer periods made it possible to increase the ejaculate volume on 7,4% and 12,4% (P less than 0,05), sperm activity on 6,7 % (P less than 0,05) and 7,3% (P less than 0,01), concentration of spermium in ejaculate on 6,3% and 7,8% (P less than 0,05). Also, it promoted the lowering of percentage of defective sperm doses.

Development of new selenium preparations in a complex with vitamins for the purpose of decrease of trace element toxicity and increase of its bioavailability is the topical problem of veterinary science. A new antioxidant water-soluble complex Aesel, which includes selenium as the activated product of interaction of methionine and sodium selenite, vitamins A and E, is researched. Lethal doses of the preparation for mice and rats were identified through intragastric and subcutaneous introduction. Due to the results of the research it was determined that Aesel is rated among the forth class of danger, so it is dangerous to a very little degree. Lethal doses of the preparation on the pure selenium, calculated on Pershin method, for rats at parenteral introduction is equal 5,48, at enteral introduction - 39, for mice at parenteral introduction - 7,72 mg/kg. Lethal doses of the preparation calculated on all making components equal to 39000 mg/kg.