Disinfection is key for controlling microbial contamination and ensuring the safe production of milk and dairy products. In this study, we developed a new disinfection method using quaternary ammonium surfactant N-dodecyl-2-(pyridin-1-yl) acetamide chloride as the main component to form a bactericidal complex with either chlorhexidine acetate or glutaraldehyde, and we evaluated the bactericidal effects, safety, and clinical application value of the compound disinfectants. An in vivo acute oral toxicity assay in mice showed an LD50 > 5000 mg/kg body weight without abnormality in pathological tissue sections. Comparison with commercially available products also showed that they have outstanding bactericidal effects. Clinical trials proved that the compound disinfectants have excellent bactericidal effects on the air and ground of the dairy farm and on the skin of cattle, especially in a dairy farm environment. Our findings confirm that the new compound disinfectants have excellent bactericidal performance and are safe to use as disinfectants to prevent mastitis and contamination of the cattle farm environment.

Dogs with lower airway pathology that present in respiratory distress often receive oxygen therapy as the first line of treatment regardless of the underlying cause. Conventional "low-flow" systems deliver oxygen with a maximum flow rate of 15 L/minute. Traditionally, when an animal's respiratory status does not improve with conventional oxygen therapy and treatments for underlying disease, options might be limited to either intubation and mechanical ventilation or humane euthanasia. High-flow oxygen therapy (HFOT) has been gaining popularity in veterinary medicine as an alternative route of oxygen supplementation for animals that require support beyond conventional therapy. High-flow oxygen therapy can supply a mixture of air and oxygen via a heated and humidified circuit. It is user friendly and can be used in an environment in which mechanical ventilation is unavailable. This review article is written for emergency doctors and general practitioners who lack access to mechanical ventilation. This article briefly reviews pertinent respiratory physiology, traditional oxygen supplementation techniques, the physiology of HFOT, and the limited evidence available in veterinary medicine regarding the use of HFOT, its applications, and limitations. Guidelines for the use of HFOT are suggested and HFOT is compared to conventional therapy.