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Comparing the minimum inhibitory and mutant prevention concentrations of selected antibiotics against animal isolates of Pasteurella multocida and Salmonella typhimurium
2022
Wentzel,Jeanette M. | Biggs,Louise J. | van Vuuren,Moritz
Historically, the use of antibiotics was not well regulated in veterinary medicine. The emergence of antibiotic resistance (ABR) in pathogenic bacteria in human and veterinary medicine has driven the need for greater antibiotic stewardship. The preservation of certain antibiotic classes for use exclusively in humans, especially in cases of multidrug resistance, has highlighted the need for veterinarians to reduce its use and redefine dosage regimens of antibiotics to ensure efficacy and guard against the development of ABR pathogens. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), the lowest concentration of an antibiotic drug that will prevent the growth of a bacterium, is recognised as a method to assist in antibiotic dosage determination. Minimum inhibitory concentrations sometimes fail to deal with first-step mutants in bacterial populations; therefore dosing regimens based solely on MIC can lead to the development of ABR. The mutant prevention concentration (MPC) is the minimum inhibitory antibiotic concentration of the most resistant first-step mutant. Mutant prevention concentration determination as a complementary and sometimes preferable alternative to MIC determination for veterinarians when managing bacterial pathogens. The results of this study focused on livestock pathogens and antibiotics used to treat them, which had a MIC value of 0.25 µg/mL for enrofloxacin against all 27 isolates of Salmonella typhimurium. The MPC values were 0.50 µg/mL, with the exception of five isolates that had MPC values of 4.00 µg/mL. The MPC test yielded 65.52% (18 isolates) Salmonella isolates with florfenicol MICs in the sensitive range, while 11 isolates were in the resistant range. Seventeen isolates (58.62%) of Pasteurella multocida had MIC values in the susceptible range and 41.38% (12 isolates) had an intermediate MIC value. Mutant prevention concentration determinations as done in this study is effective for the antibiotic treatment of bacterial infections and minimising the development of resistance. The MPC method can be used to better control to prevent the development of antibiotic drug resistance used in animals.
اظهر المزيد [+] اقل [-]Review of current problems and shortcomings in the Tanzanian animal health information system with suggestions on improvement
2002
Kivaria, F.M. | Kapaga, A.M. (Animal Diseases Research Inst., Dar es Salaam (Tanzania))
A nucleotide-specific polymerase chain reaction assay to differentiate rabies virus biotypes in South Africa
1998
Nel, L.H. (Pretoria Univ. (South Africa). Dept. of Microbiology and Plant Pathology) | Bingham, J. | Jacobs, J.A. | Jaftha, J.B.
Characterization and observation of animals responsible for rabies post-exposure treatment in Phnom Penh, Cambodia
1999
Reynes, J.M. (Pasteur Institute, Phnom Penh (Cambodia)) | Soares, J.L. | Keo, C. | Ong, S. | Heng, N.Y. | Vanhoye, B.
Selection of an scFv phage antibody that recognizes bluetongue virus from a large synthetic library and its use in ELISAs to detect viral antigen and antibodies
1998
Van Wyngaardt, W. | Du Plessis, D.H. (Agricultural Research Council, Onderstepoort (South Africa). Onderstepoort Veterinary Inst.)
Detection and characterization of foot-and-mouth disease virus in sub-Saharan Africa
1998
Bastos, A.D.S. (Onderstepoort Institute for Exotic Diseases, Onderstepoort (South Africa))