OBJECTIVE To determine whether blood taurine concentrations in dogs with exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (EPI) were lower than the reference interval (200 to 350 nmol/mL) or the cutoff used to indicate taurine deficiency (< 150 nmol/mL). ANIMALS 18 dogs with clinical or presumptive subclinical EPI with residual blood samples available for taurine concentration analysis. PROCEDURES Dogs were classified as having clinical EPI if they had a serum trypsin-like immunoreactivity concentration of < 2.0 μg/L and presumptive subclinical EPI if they had a concentration of 2.0 to 5.0 μg/L. Archived, frozen blood samples stored in EDTA were submitted for measurement of taurine concentration with an automated high-performance liquid chromatography amino acid analyzer. Medical record data were examined for associations with blood taurine concentration. RESULTS None of the 18 dogs had a blood taurine concentration < 150 nmol/mL. Two dogs had a concentration < 200 nmol/mL. No clinical signs, physical examination findings, or serum biochemical abnormalities were associated with blood taurine concentration. Eleven of the 17 dogs for which diet histories were available were not receiving a diet that met recommendations of the World Small Animal Veterinary Association Global Nutrition Committee. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE A low blood taurine concentration was noted in a small subset of dogs with EPI. Additional research is needed to determine whether EPI was the primary cause of this low concentration. Findings suggested the importance of obtaining complete diet histories and ensuring dietary requirements are sufficiently met in dogs with EPI.

C-reactive protein (CRP) is an acute phase protein, which is used to evaluate and monitor the response of the innate immune system to a variety of inflammatory processes in the dog. The purpose of this study was to analytically validate a point-of-care assay (IDEXX Catalyst CRP Test) and an immunoturbidimetric assay (Gentian Canine CRP Immunoassay) for the measurement of serum CRP concentrations in dogs. These 2 assays (Catalyst, Gentian) were compared to a previously validated enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (Tridelta Development EIA Canine CRP Assay). Linearity, precision, reproducibility, and accuracy were assessed using leftover serum samples. Agreement between assays was assessed using leftover serum samples and serum from clinically healthy dogs. Observed to expected ratios (O/E) for dilutional parallelism were 83.9 to 163.1% and 108.3 to 160.6% for the Catalyst and the Gentian assays, respectively. Coefficients of variation for intra-assay variability ranged from 6.4 to 9.5% for the Catalyst assay and 1.5 to 2.6% for the Gentian assay. Coefficients of variation for inter-assay variability ranged from 3.8 to 18.2% for the Catalyst assay and 4.5 to 5.8% for the Gentian assay. The mean O/E for recovery were 97.9% and 98.5% for the Catalyst and Gentian assays, respectively. Correlations between assays were as follows: Catalyst and Tridelta (R 2 = 0.76), Gentian and Tridelta (R 2 = 0.79), and Catalyst and Gentian (R (2) = 0.98). The Catalyst and Gentian assays are both acceptable for measuring CRP in dog serum, but their results are not directly comparable with the Tridelta assay.

OBJECTIVE To determine the correlation between glucose concentrations in serum, plasma, and blood measured by a point-of-care glucometer (POCG) and serum glucose concentration measured by an automated biochemical analyzer (ABA; gold standard). SAMPLE 152 canine and 111 feline blood samples. PROCEDURES For each sample, the glucose concentration in serum, plasma, and blood was measured by a POCG and compared with the ABA-measured glucose concentration by means of the Lin concordance correlation coefficient. Results were summarized by species for all samples and subsets of samples with hyperglycemia (ABA-measured glucose concentration > 112 mg/dL for dogs and > 168 mg/dL for cats) and pronounced hyperglycemia (ABA-measured glucose concentration > 250 mg/dL for both species). The effect of PCV on correlations between POCG and ABA measurements was also assessed. RESULTS Hyperglycemia and pronounced hyperglycemia were identified in 69 and 36 canine samples and 44 and 29 feline samples, respectively. The POCG-measured glucose concentrations in serum, plasma, and blood were strongly and positively correlated with the gold standard concentration. The PCV was positively associated with the correlation between the POCG-measured blood glucose concentration and the gold standard concentration but was not associated with the correlations between the POCG-measured glucose concentrations in serum and plasma and the gold standard concentration. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Results indicated that POCG-measured glucose concentrations in serum, plasma, and blood were strongly correlated with the ABA-measured serum glucose concentration, even in hyperglycemic samples. Given the time and labor required to harvest serum or plasma from blood samples, we concluded that blood was the preferred sample type for use with this POCG.

High-intensity exercise can be associated with the occurrence of muscle injury, as well as the induction of an acute-phase response (APR). The present study aims to investigate the synthesis and profile of serum proteins in horses before and after participating in 2 different exercise protocols and to relate this profile to the presence or absence of muscular injury caused by exercise. Ten purebred Arabian (n = 5) and Criollo (n = 5) horses were subjected to 2 different tests on a treadmill, one consisting of short-duration and rapid-acceleration training (TRA) that was mostly anerobic and the other of long-duration and slow-acceleration training (TLD) that was predominantly aerobic. Blood samples were obtained before the beginning of exercise (T0) and at 6 post-exercise time points: immediately after (T1) and 30 min (T2), 3 h (T3), 12 h (T4), 24 h (T5), and 48 h (T6) after exercise. Hematocrit was determined by the microhematocrit method. Plasma and serum samples were prepared by centrifugation (1500 × g for 5 min) for plasma concentrations of fibrinogen, total serum proteins (TP), sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), and creatine-kinase (CK) serum activity. Total protein concentration and CK serum activity were determined in an automated biochemistry analyzer. Fibrinogen was determined by the heat precipitation method in microhematocrit capillary tubes. Estimated concentrations of haptoglobin (Hp) significantly decreased after TRA and estimated concentrations of alpha-1 acid glycoprotein (AGP) significantly increased after both protocols at T2. Albumin increased after the TLD exercise protocol. Changes in hematocrit, haptoglobin, and albumin concentrations in horses subjected to different treadmill exercise protocols are related to a physiological response to hemoconcentration and hemolysis. Increases of AGP in the TLD protocol suggest the release of catecholamines as a response to avoid oxidative damage to tissue.

In this study, three different methods were compared for the identification of some Gram-positive and Gramnegative reference bacteria. Material and Methods: For this purpose, the identification accuracy rates of Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus faecium, Streptococcus agalactiae, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhimurium, Serratia marcescens were analysed by conventional bacteriological methods, commercial bacterial identification test kit (Microgen™ ID) and automated bacteria identification system (BD Phoenix 100™).