BACKGROUND: Heat treatment of colostrum has been suggested as a control measure to eliminate or reduce the transfer of colostrum-borne pathogens to dairy calves.Objectives: The aims of this study were to determine the effects of on-farm heat treatment of bovine colostrum on colostral bacterial counts and IgG concentration and evaluation of passive transfer of immunity in neonatal dairy calves. Methods: Ninety-six L of first milking colostrum was collected from Holstein cows and pooled to create a uniform batch. Twenty-four calves were enrolled in 4 treatment groups before suckling occurred and fed raw colostrum (n=6), heat-treated colostrum at 60 ºC for 30 min (n=6), heat-treated colostrum at 60 ºC for 60 min (n=6) and heat-treated colostrum at 60 ºC for 90 min (n=6). Colostrum samples were collected before and after heat treatment and cultured for total bacterial count and analyzed for total IgG concentration. For the first and second feeding 2 L of colostrum was bottle fed by 2 and 12 h of age respectively. Serum samples were collected from calves at 0 h (precolostrum) and 6, 24, 48, 72 h (postcolostrum) and analyzed for serum total protein and IgG concentrations. Results: Heat treatment of colostrum at 60 ºC for 30 and 60 min reduced total bacterial count, yet maintained colostrul IgG concentration compared to the control. There was no difference between treatment groups when examining serum total protein and IgG concentrations, but apparent efficiency of IgG absorption was significantly greater at 6 h in calves that were fed heat-treated colostrum compared to calves fed raw colostrum. ConclusionS: There was no effect of on-farm batch heat treatment of colostrum at 60 ºC till 90 min on serum concentration of IgG.

BACKGROUND: Annexins (including annexin A1 and annexin A2) are important proteins which have some roles in organisms such as intracellular signal conduction, membrane cellular skeletal connection, cellular proliferation and differentiation, especially inhibitory function in inflammation processing. Pasteurella multocida is the most common bacterial pathogen and has high prevalence in pneumonia. Objectives: This study was aimed to determine experimentally annexin A1 and annexin A2 in the serum of calves affected by Pasteurella multocida pneumonia. Methods: In this research, 10 male calves (2 - 4 months) were allocated to two equal groups, one group as the case: 300 ml in dilution 2×109 CFU Pasteurella multocida bacteria and the other as control group: 300 ml normal saline inoculated by special lavage catheter through oral to trachea. Clinical scores were recorded based on available tables. In treatment group, about 18 to 24 hours after inoculation and synchronous with observation clinical signs changes, bronchoalveolar lavage for cytology and bacteriology examination were done of fluids results from washing. Blood sampling was taken from calves jugular vein in both groups then blood serums were examined by using ELISA kits. Results: The rates of annexin A1 and annexin A2  in blood serum of treatment group showed significant increase (using independent t test) compared to control group (p<0.05). Conclusions: It seems these annexins (annexin A1 and annexin A2) can be used as important biomarkers in blood serum to diagnose inflammation processes such as pneumonia.